Polygraph

Abstract: Chapter 1 The Comparison Question Test Raskin & Honts Chapter 2 Practical Use of the Concealed Information Test for Criminal Investigation in Japan Nakayama Chapter 3 The Guilty Knowledge Test (GKT) as an Application of Psychophysiology: Future Prospects and Obstacles Ben-Shakar & Elaad Chapter 4 A Critical Review of the Control Questions Test (CQT) Ben-Shakar Chapter 5 Physiological Detection of Deception in Psychological Perspectives Kleiner Chapter 6 The Pretest Interview: A Preliminary Framework Mitchell Chapter 7 The Polygraph in Personnel Screening Krapohl Chapter 8 Post-conviction Sex Offender Testing and the American Polygraph Association Consigli Chapter 9 Countermeasures Honts & Amato Chapter 10 Event-related Potentials in Detection of Deception, Malingering and False Memories Rosenfield Chapter 11 Computer Methods for the Psychophysiological Detection of Deception Kircher & Raskin Chapter 12 Legal Aspects of Polygraph Admissibility in the United States Daniels

Abstract: 1. History and Description.- 2. A Critical Comparison of the Major Methods of Polygraph Interrogation.- 3. Reliability and Validity of Polygraph-Based Classifications.- 4. Laboratory Studies: Factors Affecting Psychophysiological Detection.- 5. The Detection of Deception: A Psychophysiological, Specific-Effects-Oriented Perspective.- 6. Theoretical Issues in Psychophysiological Detection.- 7. International Usage Contrasts: Cultural Factors.- 8. Beyond Validity: Utility and Legal Considerations in the Application of Psychophysiological Detection.- 9. Future Perspectives.- References.

Abstract: In the study of deviant behavior, current heavy reliance upon data from anonymous questionnaires demands concern for data validity. Responses to anonymous questionnaires involving a wide range of deviant behavioral items, including the Dentler-Monroe and NyeShort delinquency scale items, were compared to responses made during a follow-up "interview" and polygraph examination. The overall accuracy of the total questionnaire was high although results indicate significant inaccuracy on those items used in delinquency scales. However, a high degree of association was found between the respondent order established by the scales using data from questionnaire and polygraph results. Response inaccuracy was highly related to declared personal norms and reference group norms.

Abstract: How can a suspect's guilt or innocence be reliably tested? The validity of the polygraph, which measures changes in physiological arousal during a "guilty knowledge" test, is controversial (e.g., T. R. Bashore & P. E. Rapp, 1993; T. P. Cross & L. Saxe, 1992; D. T. Lykken, 1998; J. P. Rosenfeld, 1995; R. Steinbrook, 1992). One alternative to the polygraph examines event-related potentials recorded during a memory interference task (L. A. Farwell & E. Donchin, 1991). The present study extended this paradigm to determine whether response times (RTs) can accurately identify participants possessing specific guilty knowledge. Results from Experiment 1 showed that RT alone can reliably discriminate "guilty" from "innocent" participants. Experiments 2a and 2b indicated that an RT-based paradigm is more resistant to strategic manipulation than previously suggested (Farwell & Donchin, 1991). This RT-based paradigm may be a viable alternative to the polygraph for detecting guilty knowledge.