Abstract: A novel polyester is provided which has been found to exhibit an optically anisotropic melt phase at a temperature which enables it readily to undergo melt processing to form quality molded articles, etc. The polyester of the present invention is formed primarily of recurring 6-oxy-2-naphthoyl and m-oxybenzoyl moieties in the proportions indicated. The hydrogen atoms present upon the aromatic rings of these moieties optionally may be at least partially substituted (as described). Also, minor amounts of other ester-forming moieties may be included in the polyester so long as the optically anisotropic character in the melt and ease of melt processability are retained. In a preferred embodiment the wholly aromatic polyester is capable of undergoing melt processing at a temperature below approximately 370° C., and in a particularly preferred embodiment at a temperature of approximately 280° to 320° C.

Abstract: Two closely related series of polyesters that contain mesogenic units interconnected by flexible spacers along the main chain were prepared and characterized for their liquid crystal properties. All of these polymers showed theotropic behavior, which was examined by DSC, hot-stage microscopy on a polarizing microscope, small-angle light and wide-angle x-ray scattering methods, and visual observation of stir-opalescence of the polymer melts. The effect of the length of the flexible spacer and the nature of the substituent, which is on the central aromatic ring of the mesogenic unit, on the stability and molecular order of the mesophase for each of the polymers was investigated and the results are discussed on the basis of the thermodynamic data obtained.

Abstract: The invention comprises a method and various apparatus related to fabricating solid particulate filter bodies and other honeycomb structures the cells of which are selectively charged with a plugging or other flowable material. Solid coverings are applied over the end faces of a honeycomb structure, preferably an adhesive backed transparent thermoplastic film such as polyester, openings are created through the covering, preferably by melting the thermoplastic film, and the sealing or other flowable material is charged through the openings formed in the covering into the underlying cells. A porous walled honeycomb structure having coverings adhered to its end faces with selective openings therethrough is itself a solid particulate filter of some usage. A more substantial solid particulate filter body may be formed by charging a more durable sealant through the openings to form plugs and removing the coverings. An envisioned automated method and apparatus for forming openings through the covering is described and consists of an image analyzer which examines the surface of the structure and outputs signals to a jig for precision positions of a tool for forming openings through the covering.

Abstract: This invention concerns thermoplastic polyester molding compositions containing iron oxides, particularly Fe 2 O 3 which compositions exhibit markedly reduced heat up times and are especially useful in molding operations such as blow molding of beverage bottles. The polyester polymer may have incorporated therein by copolymerization certain anthraquinone dyes having functional groups which condense during polymerization into the polyester chain. The dye moieties are thermally stable at the polymer processing temperatures and are colorfast and nonextractable from the polymer.

Abstract: Disclosed are crystalline polyesters having low melt viscosities, and thermosetting compositions comprising these polyesters. The compositions are especially useful as powder coatings. At least 40 mole percent of the acid moiety is a terephthalic or isophthalic acid moiety, and the polyester contains as moieties of the dihydric alcohol about 40-100 mole percent 1,6-hexanediol, the polyester being further characterized as having a molecular weight of about 700-3000, a melt viscosity of about 50-3000 cps at 160° C. and a hydroxyl number of about 30-160.

Abstract: : A series of aromatic polyesters based on either poly(chloro-p-phenylene terephthalate) or poly(methyl-p-phenylene terephthalate) modified by incorporation of various amounts of bisphenols of different structures were prepared and their thermotropic liquid crystal properties were studied by several methods including: (1) visual observation of stir-opalescence of the polymer melts, (2) examination of melt birefringence on a polarizing microscope, (3) studies of small angle light scattering characteristics, and (4) characterization by wide angle x-ray diffraction. It was found that the steric effects on non-linear bisphenol modifiers were the most important factors in controlling the liquid crystallinity of the resulting copolyesters. (Author)

Abstract: Filled thermoplastic compositions useful, e.g., as sound-deadening sheeting for automotive carpet are obtained by blending about 5-55% by weight of ethylene/α-olefin copolymer, the α-olefin containing from 4 to 10 carbon atoms; about 2-12% by weight of plasticizer selected from the group consisting of processing oils, epoxidized oils, polyesters, polyethers and polyether esters; about 40-90% by weight of filler; and optionally elastomeric polymers.

Abstract: Filled thermoplastic compositions useful as sound deadening sheeting having improved tensile elongation are obtained by blending about 5-60 percent by weight of a mixture of at least two copolymers of ethylene, having specified polar comonomer contents, about 40-90 percent by weight of filler, 0-15 percent by weight of plasticizer selected from the group consisting of processing oils, polyesters, polyethers and polyether esters, and optionally modifying resins such as elastomeric polymers and certain other ethylene and propylene homo- and copolymers.

Abstract: A novel thermotropic polyester is provided which has been found to exhibit an optically anisotropic melt phase at a temperature which enables it readily to undergo melt processing to form quality molded articles, fibers, etc., which exhibit substantial flexibility. For instance, molded articles can be prepared having an unusually high impact strength, toughness, and high extension in addition to other highly satisfactory mechanical properties. The polyester of the present invention contains recurring 6-oxy-2-naphthoyl and p-oxybenzoyl moieties in addition to terephthaloyl moieties and meta-dioxyphenylene moieties in the proportions indicated. Such meta-dioxyphenylene moieties are non-symmetrical in structure. The hydrogen atoms present upon the aromatic rings of these moieties optionally may be at least partially substituted (as described). The wholly aromatic polyester is capable of forming the desired optically anisotropic melt at a temperature below approximately 350° C. and in a particularly preferred embodiment at a temperature below approximately 325° C.

Abstract: A polyester laminated film which comprises a transparent layer and delustered layer(s) laminated at least on one side face of the transparent layer is provided. The transparent layer is formed by a biaxially stretched polyester film mainly composed of polyethylene terephthalate, while the delustered layer is made of an at least uniaxially stretched polyester film which is mainly composed of a polyethylene terephthalate copolymer containing, as a copolymer composition, 1 to 20 mole % of ##STR1## wherein n is an integer from 2 to 140, and x represents ##STR2## and which also contains inert inorganic particles of 0.3 to 20 microns at 3 to 40% by weight. The film of the present invention as described above is roughened on the surface, and is superior in the writability and transcribability by pencils, ink, indian ink, etc., with an excellent transparency, and therefore, very useful for tracing films and the like.

Abstract: An opaque or translucent molecularly oriented film made from a composition comprising at least one linear polyester (preferably polyethylene terephthalate) and 0.5-100% by weight based on polyester of at least one olefine polymer, wherein said composition contains at least one carboxylated polyolefine in an amount of 0.05-50% by weight based on olefine polymer. The composition used for the film is preferably formed by precompounding the olefine polymer and carboxylated olefine and then mixing with the polyester.

Abstract: Filled thermoplastic compositions useful, e.g., as sound-deadening sheeting for automotive carpet are obtained by blending about 5-55% by weight of an ethylene interpolymer, such as ethylene/vinyl ester, ethylene/unsaturated mono- or dicarboxylic acids or esters of said unsaturated acids, etc.; about 1-15% by weight of a plasticizer selected from the group consisting of polyesters, polyethers, polyether esters and combinations thereof with processing oil; about 40-90% by weight of filler; and optionally modifying resins, such as unvulcanized elastomeric polymers and certain other ethylene and propylene homo- and copolymers.

Abstract: Epoxides, particularly ethylene and propylene oxide, are extremely important building blocks in the petrochemical industry. They are the raw materials for a wide variety of chemicals, such as glycols and alkanolamines, and polymers, such as polyesters, polyurethanes and epoxy resins [1–5].

Abstract: Graft copolymers having a diene rubber core surrounded by at least two different shells improve the impact strength under multi-axial stress of thermoplastic polyester moulding compositions.

Abstract: The synthesis and properties of a new nematic and twisted nematic polyester system based on 4, 4′ azoxy-2, 2′methylphenyl moiety separated by flexible spacers with an asymmetric center in the backbone is described. The polymers of the system have moderately low transition temperatures and are well soluble in various solvents. The polyesters described flow easily and give characteristic textures of nematic and cholesteric fluids including selective reflections of light. The thermal properties of these polyesters indicate an increase of isotropisation entropy with the increase of average spacer length.

Abstract: Improved fire resistance occurs for phenolphthalein-related polycarbonates and polyesters compared to bisphenol-A polymers and emphasizes the importance of polymer composition and polymer structure in affecting the flammability of a polymer. Phenolphthalein-related polymers are able to produce a higher degree of crosslinking during pyrolysis which subsequently leads to higher char yields. The correlations between oxygen index and char yield for various polymers are obtained and discussed. Polycarbonates and polyamides usually show higher oxygen indices than the corresponding polyesters of related structures. This indicates that the nature of the pyrolysis products has a measurable effect on the flammability of a specific polymer. Among many factors, polycarbonates should release more CO2 from the breakdown of the carbonate group, and polyamides should produce relatively nonflammable nitrogen-containing products during pyrolysis, thus accounting in part for these results.

Abstract: A laminated packaging material suitable for use in flexible containers for potato chips, corn chips, and the like, comprises (A) as an outer surface, a transparent sheet of nylon, polyester, cellophane, or polypropylene, (B) a coextruded laminate of pigmented polyethylene and ethylene acrylic acid copolymer, (C) a metallic foil, preferably aluminum, and (D) a heat-sealable polyolefin as an inner surface. Bags prepared from this packaging material have excellent moisture resistance and sealing properties.

Abstract: A polyester multifilament consisting essentially of a filament groups (I) and (II). The filament group (I) is composed of a polyester selected from the group consisting of polyethylene terephthalate, polytrimethylene terephthalate and polytetramethylene terephthalate, and/or a blend and/or copolymer comprising at least two members selected from the polyesters. The filament group (II) is composed of a substrate composed of a polyester selected from the group consisting of polyethylene terephthalate, polytrimethylene terephthalate and polytetramethylene terephthalate, and/or a blend and/or a copolymer comprising at least two members selected from the polyesters and at least one polymer selected from the group consisting of styrene type polymers, methacrylate type polymers and acrylate type polymers, which is added to said substrate in an amount of 0.4 to 8% by weight based on the substrate.

Abstract: Mesomorphic polyesters were synthesized from 4, 4′-dihydroxy-α-methylstilbene and adipic acid (P-6) or (+)-3-methyl adipic acid (P-6M). P-6 forms a thermotropic nematic phase and P6-M a thermotropi...

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for producing a polyester capable of reusing germanium dioxide by purifying and recovering in a large scale at a low cost in a method for producing a polyester reusing germanium dioxide distilled off at a polycondensation reaction as a polycondensation catalyst by purifying and recovering SOLUTION: In a method for producing a polyester by carrying out a polycondensation reaction using germanium dioxide as a catalyst, distilling to condense a reaction out-flow generated in the said reaction, purifying germanium dioxide included in the concentrated solution and reusing as a polycondensation reaction catalyst, a process for concentrating the reaction out-flow comprises 2 steps, in which the primary step is a continuous simple distillation, the secondary step is a batch type simple distillation and the primary concentration step is brought to satisfy the following conditions; the degree of vacuum of a processing vessel: 40-270 hPa the temperature of a liquid in the processing vessel: 100-180 degC the evaporation rate of a gas from a liquid surface: <=30 m/sec and the concentration ratio (a liquid feed measure/a collected measure of the concentrate): 12-60

Abstract: Polyester scrap such as film (plain or silver-bearing), fabric, yarn or bottles, based primarily on polyethylene terephthalate, is depolymerized at room temperature and atmospheric pressure with a mixture of concentrated sulfuric acid and water to form crude terephthalic acid which is purified by dissolving in alkali solution, filtering to remove impurities, acidifying the filtrate to recover terephthalic acid in high yield with a purity of at least 99%

Abstract: A polymer blend which is capable of exhibiting an anisotropic melt phase and the ability to form shaped articles having improved mechanical properties is provided. The polymer blend comprises approximately 5 to approximately 75 percent by weight, based upon the total weight of the blend, of a polycarbonate and approximately 25 to approximately 95 percent by weight, based upon the total weight of the blend, of a melt processable wholly aromatic polyester which is capable of forming an anisotropic melt phase apart from the blend.

Abstract: 1. Process for producing (meth)acrylic acid esters modified polyesters, curable by irradiation, characterised in that a saturated polyester, preferably carrying primary hydroxy groups and optionally polyether radicals and having an average molecular weight of between 500 and 3000, is mixed at from 80 to 140 degrees C, in the presence of at least one polymerisation inhibitor volatile with water vapour, with from 30 to 90 mole-% (calculated on the hydroxy groups of the polyester) with acrylic acid or a mixture of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid and is reacted, in the presence of an esterification catalyst, to a ratio of at least 40%, preferably of from 50 to 70% (calculated on the acid used) subsequently the reaction water formed being distilled off, in the presence of an azeotropic esterification catalyst, with the aid of a hydrocarbon solvent with a boiling point of between 60 and 130 degrees C, and, subsequently to stripping the solvent, optionally by stripping the solvent by vacuum, or using a distillation column, the acrylic acid having remained free being reacted with a quantity of a mono- or diepoxy compound equivalent to the free acid, at from 80 to 120 degrees C, to an acid value of a maximum of 10 mg KOH/g, using triphenylphosphine as catalyst.

Abstract: Disclosed are filter mats composed of a wet laid, porous, non-woven matrix having randomly arranged, irregularly intersecting and overlapping cellulose fibers intermixed as a cobeat (i.e. beaten together) with micro-bits of an expanded, thermoplastic styrene-polymer or lower polyolefin or of a flexible foamed polyurethane, and which mix also can include any one or more additional such micro-bits and of fiber-forming polyethylene terephthalate polyester fibers, finely divided activated carbon, diatomaceous earth, and colloidal alumina monohydrate. These mats are effective, for example, to remove insoluble particles and/or soluble substances present in liquid, presently primarily aqueous, media particularly in minute amounts, such as undesirable substances in industrial plant waste waters.

Abstract: An improved wholly aromatic polyester is provided which exhibits an anisotropic melt phase and which is capable of readily undergoing melt processing. The wholly aromatic polyester consists essentially of the recurring units (a) p-oxybenzoyl moiety, (b) 2,6-dioxynaphthalene moiety, (c) 2,6-dioxyanthraquinone moiety, and (d) terephthaloyl moiety in the concentrations indicated. The resulting polymer is substantially free of aromatic rings possessing ring substitution and meta disposed linkages in the polymer chain. The present invention represents an improvement over the polyester of U.S. Pat. No. 4,184,996 since the melt phase may be formed at an advantageously reduced temperature thereby better facilitating the use of standard melt processing equipment when forming fibers, films, three-dimensional shaped articles, etc. The reduction in possible melt processing temperature is accomplished without any significant diminution in melt anisotropy such as that which would result if non-symmetrical meta disposed linkages were present in the polymer chain. Also, the present polyester does not rely upon the presence of ring substitution as a means for producing the desired melt anisotropy.

Abstract: The influence of several process parameters on the curing of multipurpose unsaturated polyesters with styrene, in heated molds, is discussed. The polymerization kinetics was studied in a quasi-adiabatic reactor taking into account corrections for heat losses. The following expression resulted: dx/dt = k′[I](1 − x)3 exp(−16.6/RT), where x is the conversion of unsaturated bonds and [I] is the initial initiator concentration (benzoyl peroxide); cobalt octoate was used as an accelerator. Specimens were cured in two kinds of heated molds (one jacketed and the other electrically heated), and temperature profiles recorded. The temperature increase at the midplane showed a maximum when plotted as a function of the reaction rate (Arrhenius preexponential factor), in agreement with previous theoretical predictions. The temperature increase was enhanced for a thermally initiated reaction.