Abstract: I. Intramolecular Micelles.- 1. Microdomains in Hydrophobic Polyacids.- 2. Hydrophobic Domains of Maleic Acid Copolymers.- 3. L-Phenylalanine Oligopeptides Grafted Poly(acrylic acid). Evidence of Specific Interactions of Ethidium Bromide and Acridine Orange with Hydrophobic Microdomains.- 4. (Acid-Base)-Dependent Globular Structures of Partially N-Alkylated Poly(Tertiary Amines).- 5. Hydrophobic Region of Poly(styrenesulfonic acid) as Studied by Electric Dichroism Measurements.- II. Association, Aggregation and Gelation.- 6. Association and Complex Formation in Stereoregular PMMA Solutions.- 7. Dilute Solutions of Poly(vinylbutyral): Characterization of Aggregated and Non-Aggregated Solutions.- 8. Gelation Accompanying Crystallization from Dilute Solutions: Some Guiding Principles.- 9. Aggregation, Phase Behavior and the Nature of Networks Formed by Some Rod-Like Polymers.- III. Ordering in Polyelectrolyte Solutions.- 10. Polyelectrolytic Aspects of Conformational Transitions and Interchain Interactions in Ionic Polysaccharide Solutions: Comparison of Theory and Microcalorimetric Data.- 11. Studies on Dilute Solutions of Rodlike Macroions III. Integrated Intensity and Photon Correlation Light Scattering Investigation of Association.- 12. Studies of PSM in Aqueous Solution Near the Overlap Concentration.- IV. Microdomains in Nonaqueous Media.- 13. Ion Distribution and Polyion Conformation Displayed by Amphiphilic Polyacids in Aqueous and Organic Media.- 14. Association of the Ion Pair End-Groups of Halato Telechelic Polymers in Nonpolar Solvents.- 15. On the Microenvironment of Soluble and Cross-Linked Polymers.- V. Ordered Polymer-Ligand Complexes.- A. Systems with Biological Components.- 16. Interaction Between DNA and Dodecylpyridinium Cation.- 17. Ordered Conformation of Poly(L-Lysine) and its Homologs in Anionic Surfactant Solutions.- 18. Structural Complexes of Cationic Polysoap-Phospholipid.- 19. High-Sensitivity Differential Scanning Calorimetry of Polymer-Phospholipid Mixtures.- B. Synthethic Systems.- 20. Fluorescence Probe Studies of the Aggregation State of Surfactants in Aqueous Polymer Solutions.- 21. Viscometric Investigation of Complexes Between Polyethyleneoxide and Surfactant Micelles.- 22. Complex Formation Between Ionic Surfactants and Polymers in Aqueous Solution.- 23. Complexes of Cationic Polymers and Anionic Surfactants.- 24. Cooperative Interaction of Anionic Dyes with Imidazole-Containing Polymers.- 25. Electron Transfer Process in the Domain Formed by Intermacromolecular Complexes.- Contributors.

Abstract: High molecular weight films, fibers and foams of poly(p-phenylene vinylene), (PPV), have been prepared via a water soluble polyelectrolyte precursor. p-Type chemical doping of these materials with ASF5 and H2SO4 leads to high conductivity and to high electrical anisotropy in oriented films and fibers. n-Doping with sodium naphthalide is also possible giving a semiconducting material. PPV synthesis, processing, and conductivity results are reported.

Abstract: Penicillin amidase, α-chymotrypsin and urease have been immobilized in water-soluble nonstoichiometric polyelectrolyte complexes (N-PEC). N-PEC are formed by modified poly(N-ethyl-4-vinyl-pyridinium bromide) (polycation) and excess poly(methylacrylic acid) (polyanion). N-PEC are a new class of polymers capable, characteristically, of phase transitions solution ⇄ precipitate induced by slight change in pH or ionic strength. Neither the chemical structure of the carrier nor the number of cross-linkages between an enzyme and a carrier change on phase transition. That gives an unique opportunity to elucidate the difference between enzymes immobilized on water-soluble and water-insoluble supports. A detailed study of the phase transition effect on thermal stability of the enzymes and protein-protein interactions has been carried out. The following effects were found. 1 Pronounced thermal stabilization of penicillin amidase and urease may be achieved on two conditions: (a) the enzyme is in the precipitate; (b) the-enzyme is linked to the N-PEC nucleus. Then the thermal stability of N-PEC-bound penicillin amidase increases 7-fold at pH 5.7, 60°C, and 300-fold at pH 3.1, 25°C, compared to the native enzyme. For urease, the thermal stabilization increases 20-fold at pH 5.0, 70°C. 2 The localization of enzyme on N-PEC has been established by titration of α-chymotrypsin bound to a polycation or polyanion with basic pancreatic trypsin inhibitor. Both in solution (pH 6.1) and in N-PEC precipitate (pH 5.7), an α-chymotrypsin molecule bound to a polyanion is fully exposed to the solution. If the enzyme is bound to a polycation, only 20% of α-chymotrypsin molecules in the precipitate and 40% in solution retain their ability for protein-protein interactions. This means that a polycation-bound enzyme is localized in the hydrophobic nucleus of the complex, whereas the polyanion-bound enzyme sits on the hydrophilic shell of the complex. 3 On pH-induced phase transition (pH decreases from 6.1 to 5.7), there occurs a stepwise decrease in penicillin amidase activity which is due to a 9.8-fold increase in the Km for 2-nitro-4-phenylacetamidobenzoic acid. 4 Change of the catalytic activity and thermal stability of N-PEC-bound penicillin amidase is fully reversible and reproducible. Such soluble-insoluble immobilized enzymes with controllable thermal stability and activity may be used for simulating events in vivo and in biotechnology.

Abstract: Poly(N,N-dimethylaniline) (PDMA) was prepared by electrochemical polymerization of the corresponding monomer and was found to have the structure of an ionene polymer with positively charged sites as quaternary ammonium groups in the polymeric backbone. It is demonstrated that the PDMA film has an anion-exchange character irrespective of the pH of a solution, and coating electrodes with PDMA produces surface which strongly bind multiply charged negative ions. 65 references, 7 figures, 1 table.

Abstract: Micellization of cationic salts of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) quaternized with n-alkyl bromides such as octyl, lauryl, myristyl, and stearyl bromide and their polymerizations were investigated. The critical micelle concentration (cmc) in water at 25°C was determined by electrical conductivity and dye(azobenzene) solubilization methods and the relation log(cmc) = 1.46–0.31N was obtained, where cmc is in mmol L−1 and N corresponds to carbon number of alkyl bromides used for the monomer preparations. All of these monomeric salts exhibited a high radical polymerizability in water and benzene. The polymerizations in water appeared to proceed with a higher rate with increasing a chain length of the alkyl moiety of the monomers and those in benzene gave the polymers with a remarkably high viscosity. The rate of polymerization of lauryl bromide salt in anisotropic solutions (in water and benzene) was exceedingly fast as compared with that in isotropic solution(in acetonitrile). All of the polymers obtained here were insoluble in water. Solubility characteristics of these monomers and polymers in other solvents were also presented. The reduced viscosity, in dimethylformamide and methanol, of poly(lauryl bromide salt) prepared in water increased with dilution but that for the polymer obtained in benzene exhibited an inverse concentration dependence. Some discussions were made on the peculiarities of the polymerizations of these monomers and the resulting polymers.

Abstract: Water-soluble nonstoichiometric polyelectrolyte complexes (NPEC) are formed as a result of interaction of opposite charged polyelectrolytes used in nonequivalent ratios. One of the most important properties of NPEC is their ability to participate in intermacromolecular exchange and substitution reactions in aqueous solutions. The kinetics of exchange and substitution reactions has been studied by the method of luminescence quenching. It has been found that such reactions proceed by the contact mechanism and that addition of low molecular electrolytes to the reaction mixtures results in a dramatic increase in the rates of the reactions. The kinetics of the reactions is well described by the equation q = 1-exp(- kt∝) (here q is the degree of conversion and ∝ < 1), deduced under the assumption that exchange and substitution occur by the nucleation mechanism and the development of nuclei is inhibited in time. The studied reactions represent a new class of interpolymer reactions and they can be very important, in particular, for understanding the mechanism of functioning of biologically important macromolecules and for the interpretation of the physiological activity of polyelectrolytes.

Abstract: The electro-oxidation of pyrrole in the presence of anionic polyelectrolytes produces characteristic conductive black films of polymerically doped polypyrrole whose physical properties depend on those of the polyelectrolyte material.

Abstract: The number of effective charges of colloidal particles was determined for polystyrene‐based polymer latices by transference measurement. The fraction of free counterions (f) was surprisingly low and appeared to decrease with the analytical valency; the f values were about 0.1 for a latex having 1.7×104 SO3H groups per particle. A more highly charged latex (with 7.2×105 sulfonate groups) had f values of about 0.04. These values are definitely smaller than those reported for soluble polyelectrolytes (about 0.4).

Abstract: Formules exprimant le coefficient de diffusion mutuelle des polyions en fonction des concentrations de polyelectrolyte et de sel ajoute

Abstract: Graft copolymerization of maleic anhydride (MA) onto PVA was carried out both in the presence and absence of the initiator. In the former case, the resultant was a copolymer containing a carboxylic acid and a keto-olefinic side chain. Therefore, the reaction product, viscosity, gel content, and mechanical properties differed from the resultant of the latter, which was obtained by esterification of PVA by MA. Both resultants showed polyelectrolytes characteristics. The dependence of the grafting percentage on the concentration of the initiator, the concentration of the monomer, the reaction temperature, and the reaction medium was studied. Grafted copolymers after heat treatment showed remarkable mechanical strength in the wet state when compared with original PVA.

Abstract: A process for separating a monosaccharide from an aqueous solution comprising monosaccharides and a second component comprising a polysaccharide The mixture is contacted with a mixed matrix membrane comprising a adsorbent or molecular sieve material dispersed in an organic polymer in which the monosaccharide has a greater steady state permeability than the polysaccharide The monosaccharide passes through the membrane, and is recovered Particular mixed matrix membranes found to be useful in separating mono from polysaccharides are silicalite, gamma-alumina, activated carbon or a calcium exchanged Y-zeolite dispersed in cellulose acetate or polyelectrolyte complex polymers