POLI

Abstract: Titulo: Guerra, diplomacia y produccion de consenso: el plan de accion psicologica del Ejercito argentino en el marco del conflicto con Chile por el Canal de Beagle (1981-1982) Title: War, diplomacy and consensus production: the psychological action plan of the Argentine Army in the context of the conflict with Chile over the Beagle Channel (1981-1982) [ES] Resumen: Hasta fechas muy recientes, las historiografias sobre las ultimas dictaduras en Argentina (1976-1983) y en Chile (1973-1990) habian eludido la problematica del consenso social al regimen. La imposicion de las dictaduras y su continuidad a lo largo del tiempo, junto a la obediencia de la poblacion, habian sido circunscritas al mero funcionamiento del aparato de coercion y represion. Sin embargo, estudios recientes comenzaron a problematizar otro tipo de mecanismos que tambien funcionaron durante el periodo: entre ellos se destaca la accion psicologica, un conjunto de tecnicas, saberes y procedimientos castrenses orientados a conducir, regular y controlar conductas, comportamientos y actitudes. En este trabajo buscamos construir una mirada amplia acerca de la direccion estrategica construida desde el gobierno militar argentino en relacion a las negociaciones publicas y privadas con la dictadura chilena. Nos proponemos analizar la estrategia de accion psicologica, en particular, su uso para el mantenimiento de la “seguridad nacional”, y especificamente su adecuacion y empleo en tiempos de lo que el coronel Jorge H. Poli definio como etapa de “tension politica”, previa a los enfrentamientos belicos. Para ello examinaremos una serie de documentos producidos por el Estado Mayor General del Ejercito y atesorados en el Servicio Historico del Ejercito. En concreto, indagaremos en el Plan del TOO , conformado por operaciones psicologicas proyectadas entre 1981 y 1982, cuando la disputa con Chile por el Canal de Beagle parecia haber alcanzado un punto irresoluble. El reconocimiento de este plan de accion psicologica resulta un hallazgo en al menos dos sentidos. Por un lado, porque se trata de un ejemplo de los tantos planes que podriamos analizar como concebidos por el regimen para construir consensos. Por el otro, porque evidencia aspectos hasta el momento no abordados sobre el conflicto por el Canal de Beagle, generalmente estudiado desde la perspectiva de la preparacion de Argentina y Chile para el enfrentamiento armado o bien desde los procesos de negociacion diplomatica. Palabras clave: dictadura, accion psicologica, Beagle, consenso, opinion publica. [EN] Abstract: Until very recently, historiographies on the last dictatorships in Argentina (1976-1983) and Chile (1973-1990) had eluded the problem of social acceptance of both regimes. The imposition of dictatorships and their continuity over time, together with popular obedience, had been merely circumscribed to the action of a coercive and repressive apparatus. However, recent studies have begun to problematize other types of mechanisms that also occurred during the period, among which psychological action stands out: a set of techniques, knowledge and military procedures aimed at driving, regulating and controlling social behaviors and attitudes. In this work we seek to provide a broad overview on the strategic design of the public and private negotiations with the Chilean dictatorship led by the Argentine military government. In our analysis of psychological action, we will focus in particular on its use for “national security” reasons and, more specifically, its adaptation and implementation in times of what Colonel Jorge H. Poli defined as a stage of “political tension” previous to actual warlike confrontations. To do so, we will examine a series of documents from the Historical Service of the Army wrote by the General Staff of the Army, centering on the Plan del TOO as a set of psychological operations scheduled between 1981 and 1982, when the dispute with Chile over the Beagle Channel seemed to have come to a deadlock. The discovery of this psychological action plan is a significant finding in at least two senses. On the one hand, it seems to be but one of the many plans designed by military officials to create social consensus in Argentina back in the dictatorship years. On the other, it unveils aspects so far not addressed of the conflict over the Beagle Channel, traditionally studied from the perspective of Argentina and Chile’s preparations for the armed conflict or from the point of view of diplomatic negotiations. Keywords: dictatorship, psychological action, Beagle, consensus, public opinion.

Abstract: Human Y-family DNA polymerase (pol) ι is involved in translesion DNA synthesis (TLS) and base excision repair (BER) of oxidative DNA damage. Genetic variations may alter the function of pol ι and affect cellular susceptibility to oxidative genotoxic agents, but their effects remain unclear. We investigated the impacts of 10 human missense germline variations on pol ι function by biochemical and cell-based assays. Both polymerase and deoxyribose phosphate (dRP) lyase activities were determined utilizing recombinant pol ι (residues 1-445) proteins. The K209Q, K228I, and Q386R variants showed 4- to 53-fold decreases in specificity constants (kcat/Km) for dCTP insertion opposite G and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine compared to the wild-type. The R126C and K345E variants showed wild-type-like polymerase activity, although these two variants (as well as the R209Q, K228I, and Q386R variants) showed greater than 6-fold decreases in dRP lyase activity compared to the wild-type. A CRISPR/Cas9-mediated POLI knockout conferred higher sensitivity to H2O2 in human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells. Exogenous expression of the full-length wild-type, R126C, and K345E variants fully rescued the H2O2 sensitivity in POLI-deficient cells, while full-length R209Q, K228I, and Q386R variants did not rescue the sensitivity. Our results indicate that the R126C and K345E variants (having wild-type-like polymerase activity, albeit impaired in dRP lyase activity) could fully rescue the H2O2 sensitivity in POLI-deficient cells, while the R209Q, K228I, and Q386R variants, all impaired in polymerase and dRP lyase activity, failed to rescue the sensitivity, indicating the relative importance of TLS-related polymerase function of pol ι rather than its BER-related dRP lyase function in protection from oxidative stress. The possibility exists that the hypoactive pol ι variants increase the individual susceptibility to oxidative genotoxic agents.

Abstract: Y-family DNA polymerase iota (Pol ι) is involved in DNA damage response and tolerance. Mutations and altered expression level of POLI gene are linked to a higher incidence of cancer. We biochemically characterized five active site polymorphic variants of human Pol ι: R71G (rs3218778), P118L (rs554252419), I236M (rs3218784), E251K (rs3218783) and P365R (rs200852409). We analyzed fidelity of nucleotide incorporation on undamaged DNA, efficiency and accuracy of DNA damage bypass, as well as 5'-deoxyribophosphate lyase (dRP-lyase) activity. The I236M and P118L variants were indistinguishable from the wild-type Pol ι in activity. The E251K and P365R substitutions altered the spectrum of nucleotide incorporation opposite several undamaged DNA bases. The P365R variant also reduced the dRP-lyase activity and possessed the decreased TLS activity opposite 8-oxo-G. The R71G mutation dramatically affected the catalytic activities of Pol ι. The reduced DNA polymerase activity of the R71G variant correlated with an enhanced fidelity of nucleotide incorporation on undamaged DNA, altered lesion-bypass activity and reduced dRP-lyase activity. Therefore, this amino acid substitution likely alters Pol ι functions in vivo.

Abstract: Resumen Desde la nocion de familia como institucion compleja, ecosistemica y co-evolutiva, con una postura generativa y propositiva, este ensayo presenta referentes paradigmaticos y conceptuales para comprender las transformaciones de la familia, identifica marcadores historico-sociales significativos en la transformacion de la familia contemporanea y hace sugerencias para formular politicas de familia. Postula tres referentes principales: el posicionamiento de la familia en la relacion con la sociedad y el Estado, desde la biopolitica; las nociones de crisis, transformacion y cambio desde el pensamiento complejo, y la conexion eco-eto-antroposocial e historica de la familia con las demas instituciones sociales. La biopolitica advierte sobre los riesgos de dominacion del Estado sobre la familia como instrumento de contencion de los individuos. E. Morin plantea como a partir de tendencias generadoras de crisis se pueden estabilizar transformaciones sostenibles y la eco-eto-antropologia recuerda las implicaciones de nuestra condicion de mamiferos pensantes, ecodependientes con el entorno que creamos y nos crea, en el devenir de una vida cambiante en funcion de la adaptacion. Se concluye que las politicas deben reconocer que el macrosistema familia-Estado-sociedad operara eficazmente si se le concibe como una mega-maquina pluralista, donde las decisiones circulan desde el policentrismo y el acentrismo, asumiendo las consecuencias eticas de ecologia de la accion. Palabras clave: Transformacion y crisis familiar, biopolitica y familia, eco-eto-antropolologia y familia. A Horizon to Contemplate the Transfomations of the Family in the Contemporary Abstract From the notion of family as a complex, ecosystemic and co-evolutive institution, and with a generative and purposeful position, this article presents paradigmatic and conceptual principles to understand family transformations, identify significant historic and social markers in the transformation of the contemporary family and makes suggestions to formulate policies on family. It postulates three major frames of reference: biopolitics and positioning of the family in relation to the society and the State; complexity and notions of crisis, transformation, and change; eco-etho-anthropo- social and historical connection of family with other social institutions. Biopolitics warns about the risks of State domination on the family as a means of containment of individuals. E. Morin raises how certain trends that generate crisis can stabilize sustainable transformations; and eco-etho-anthropology recalls the implications of our nature of thinking mammals, ecodepending of the changing environment to achieve the adaptation. It is concluded that policies should recognize that the macro-system constituted by family-State-society will operate effectively if it is conceived as a mega-pluralist machine, where decisions are carried from the poli centrism and the acentrism, assuming the ethical implications of the ecology of the action. Key words : Transformation and family crisis, biopolitics and family, eco-etho-anthropology and family.