Topic
Pluteus
About: Pluteus is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 201 publications have been published within this topic receiving 4536 citations.
Papers published on a yearly basis
1 / 2
Papers
TL;DR: The results suggest that both decreased pH and altered carbonate chemistry affect the early development and life history of marine animals, implying that increased seawater CO 2 concentration will seriously alter marine ecosystems.
Abstract: Increased carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) concentration in the atmosphere will change the balance of the components of carbonate chemistry and reduce the pH at the ocean surface. Here, we report the effects of increased CO 2 concentration on the early development of the sea urchins Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus and Echinometra mathaei. We examined the fertilization, early cleavage, and pluteus larval stage to evaluate the impact of elevated CO 2 concentration on fertilization rate, cleavage rate, developmental speed, and pluteus larval morphology. Furthermore, we compared the effects of CO 2 and HCl at the same pH in an attempt to elucidate any differences between the two. We found that fertilization rate, cleavage rate, developmental speed, and pluteus larval size all tended to decrease with increasing CO 2 concentration. Furthermore, CO 2 -seawater had a more severe effect than HCl-seawater on the fertilization rate. By contrast, the effects on cleavage rate, developmental speed, and pluteus larval morphology were similar for CO 2 - and HCl-seawater. Our results suggest that both decreased pH and altered carbonate chemistry affect the early development and life history of marine animals, implying that increased seawater CO 2 concentration will seriously alter marine ecosystems. The effects of CO 2 itself on marine organisms therefore requires further clarification.
403 citations
TL;DR: The recent availability of monoclonal antibody and cDNA probes that recognize homologous cells in embryos of closely related typical and direct developing species makes possible an experimental analysis of the cellular and molecular bases for heterochronic changes in development.
202 citations
TL;DR: The slower in situ larval development rate and the accumulation of larvae in the 4-armed pluteus stage indicate that these larvae are food-limited in the plankton, which may be a critical life history stage for E. chloroticus populations in Doubtful Sound.
Abstract: Synchronous spawning of the sea urchin Evechinus chloroticus Valenciennes in a closed fiord population (Doubtful Sound, New Zealand) provided a unique opportunity to calculate in situ rates of larval mortality and development. The resulting cohort of larvae was sampled 7 d after this spawning, and subsequently every 2 wk at 5 sites throughout the fiord. Instantaneous mortality rates for E. chloroticus larvae were calculated using 3 different models. Mortality (M) was found to be constant and estimated at M= 0.164, 0.173, and 0.085 d -1 for the 3 models; the most accurate estimate of mortality probably being M= 0.164 d -1 . Larvae reach competency in Doubtful Sound between 18 and 31 d, which is 1.05- to 1.82-fold slower than maximum growth rates recorded in laboratory cultures. Larvae spent most of their development time (44.9 %) as 4-armed plutei, and only a small proportion of these larvae (11.5%) survived beyond this stage. We suggest that the slower in situ larval development rate and the accumulation of larvae in the 4-armed pluteus stage indicate that these larvae are food-limited in the plankton. Given the high daily mortality rate, these food-limited early pluteus larvae may be a critical life history stage for E. chloroticus populations in Doubtful Sound.
156 citations
TL;DR: A method is described which permits the complete isolation of the cells of large numbers of sea urchin embryos, from the blastula to the pluteus stage, and the degree of differentiation attained by these larvae depends upon the stage of the embryo from which the cells were isolated.
132 citations
TL;DR: The results suggest that more genes are available for transcription in pluteus chromatin, and removal of proteins associated with DNA in chromatin increases template activity and abolishes the difference in template activity between blastula and pluteu chromatin.
129 citations
Related Topics (5)
Performance Metrics
| Year | Papers |
|---|---|
| 2021 | 6 |
| 2020 | 4 |
| 2019 | 6 |
| 2018 | 1 |
| 2017 | 1 |
| 2016 | 9 |