TL;DR: The geological history of New Caledonia in its Australasian context and the composition and diversity of the species associations, as well as the geography of the NewCaledonian Lepidoptera, are examined.
Abstract: I. The geological history of New Caledonia in its Australasian context.- Plate tectonics and island arcs in Australasia.- The geological structure of New Caledonia.- Tertiary climates and sea-level changes.- II. The phytogeography of New Caledonia.- Past southern hemisphere floras: the fossil record.- Distribution patterns in the present day Pacific flora.- Ancient austral families in the New Caledonian flora.- The 'new' adaptive radiation in New Caledonia.- The Melanesian Arcs.- Comparison with New Guinea.- Conclusions.- III. The vegetation of New Caledonia.- IV. The sampling programme.- List of localities.- V. The ecology of the New Caledonian macroheterocera.- The numerical methods.- The data.- The classification of samples.- The classification of species.- The composition and diversity of the species associations.- Seasonal trends.- VI. The geography of the New Caledonian Lepidoptera.- VII. The zoogeography of other groups.- Oligochaeta.- Mollusca.- Arachnida.- Insecta.- Dermaptera.- Ephemeroptera.- Odonata.- Phasmatodea.- Psocoptera.- Hemiptera.- Thysanoptera.- Coleoptera.- Diptera.- Plecoptera, Megaloptera and Mecoptera.- Trichoptera.- Hymenoptera.- Vertebrates.- Fish.- Amphibia.- Reptiles.- Birds.- Mammals.- VIII. Discussion.- IX. A systematic account of the New Caledonian macroheterocera.- Limacodidae.- Geometridae: Oenochrominae.- Geometridae: Geometrinae.- Geometridae: Sterrhinae.- Geometridae: Larentiinae.- Geometridae: Ennominae.- Uraniidae: Microniinae.- Uraniidae: Epipleminae.- Sphingidae: Sphinginae.- Sphingidae: Macroglossinae.- Thaumetopoeidae.- Notodontidae.- Lymantriidae.- Arctiidae: Lithosiinae.- Arctiidae: Arctiinae.- Ctenuchidae.- Hypsidae.- Nolidae.- Noctuidae: Noctuinae.- Noctuidae: Heliothinae.- Noctuidae: Hadeninae.- Noctuidae: Acronictinae.- Noctuidae: Acontiinae.- Noctuidae: Euteliinae.- Noctuidae: Stictopterinae.- Noctuidae: Sarrothripinae.- Noctuidae: Chloephorinae.- Noctuidae: Catocalinae.- Noctuidae: Plusiinae.- Noctuidae: Ophiderinae.- Noctuidae: Hypeninae.- Agaristidae.- X. List of new taxa, new synonyms and new combinations.- References.- Botanical index.- Zoological index, excluding Lepidoptera.- Lepidoptera index: supraspecific categories.- Lepidoptera index: species and subspecies.
TL;DR: A phylogeny for the species comprising the Plusiinae subfamily in North America is proposed, deduced by correlating characters of both adults and larvae and comparing it with similar studies of Palearctic species.
Abstract: T D. Eichlm and H. B. Cunningham. The Plusiinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) of America North of Mexico, Emphasizing Genitalic and Larval Morphology. U.S. Department of Agriculture Technical Bulletin 1567, 122 pp., 1978. Adults of 71 species and larvae of 35 species of the noctuid subfamily flusimae of America north of Mexico were studied. Included are keys to the genera based on adult structures, a key to the species for which larvae are known, with setal maps and illustrations of other taxonomic characters, and keys to the adults based on the external morphology and on the male and témale genitalia, with photographs and illustrations of the structures Two species are described, Syngrapha abstrusa n. sp. and S. cryptica n sp., which form a species complex with S. alias (Ottolengui). S. viridisiffma (Cxrote) IS elevated to species level, having previously been considered a variation of S. selecta (Walker). Caloplusia Smith and Anagrapha McDunnough are synonymized with Syngrapha Hübner. Biological data distributional information, and bibliographical notations are included A phylogeny for the species comprising the subfamily in North America is proposed. This phylogeny has been deduced by correlating characters of both adults and larvae and comparing it with similar studies of Palearctic species. Washington, D.C. Issued March 1978
TL;DR: The occurrence of a single mating on the third night following emergence did not cause a rapid disappearance of sex pheromone among 5 species studied, consistent with the fact that females of many noctuid species commonly mate more than once.
TL;DR: Two strange looking specimens collected in several localities in the Chinese province of Qinghai and deposited in the collections of Péter Gyulai, Alessandro Floriani and World Insect Gallery are found and proved to be new for science.
Abstract: The Palaearctic genus Euchalcia Hubner, [1821] is a member of the subfamily Plusiinae, family Noctuidae. Currently it includes 53 valid species and 6 subspecies (Ronkay et al. 2008; Volynkin et al. 2014). The E. gerda species-group includes E. gerda (Pungeler, 1907), E. caelestissima Hreblay Ronkay, 1998, E. serraticornis Dufay, 1965 and E. bea Hreblay Plante, 1998 (Ronkay et al. 2008). During examination of more than 80 specimens identified as E. gerda collected in several localities in the Chinese province of Qinghai and deposited in the collections of Peter Gyulai (Miskolc, Hungary), Alessandro Floriani (Milan, Italy) and World Insect Gallery (Joniskis, Lithuania), we found two strange looking specimens having more elongated forewings with a well-developed pinkish suffusion. Despite the wide range of an individual variability being characteristic for species of the E. gerda species-group, these two specimens showed morphological differences from E. gerda as well as from other related species, and thus proved to be new for science. The description of this new species is given below.