TL;DR: In this article, the utility model for a water saving drip irrigation pipeline structure is proposed. But the model is limited to the technical field of hydrotechnics, and it is not applicable to the construction of large-scale projects.
Abstract: The utility model relates to a water saving drip irrigation pipeline structure which belongs to the technical field of hydrotechnics. A pipeline system is composed of a main pipe, a PVC adding interface vertically communicated with the main pipe, a PVC pipe communicated with the PVC adding interface, a PE three-way joint communicated with the PVC pipe, PVC ball valves respectively communicated with two ends the PE three-way joint, PE pipes respectively communicated with the PVC ball valves, pressure flow stabilizers alternately communicated with the PE pipes, and dripping irrigation bands communicated with both ports of each of the pressure flow stabilizers, wherein the main pipe is communicated with a water source. The utility model greatly cuts down the work quantity of installation and drip irrigation, and decreases the building cost of projects; the cost per mu can be saved by about 30 to 50 yuan, so that the economic benefit is very apparent.
TL;DR: Flex-Ring Restrained Joint Ductile Iron and C-900 Polyvinylcholoride (PVC) pipes as discussed by the authors have been proposed for trenchless construction applications.
Abstract: Pulled-in-place pipes for trenchless construction applications have traditionally consisted of Steel and High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) material. While providing excellent documented results, these two materials require professional welding and fusion of their joints prior to installation. New developments have introduced two emerging pipe products that are rapidly gaining acceptance as alternatives to Steel and HDPE. These are Flex-Ring Restrained Joint Ductile Iron and C-900 Polyvinylcholoride (PVC) pipes. Centrifugally cast for transport of water, sewer, or other liquids, the Flex-Ring Ductile Iron pipe allows for up to 5 degree flexing and comes in diameters ranging from 100 mm (4 in.) to 900 mm (36 in.). Additionally, the boltless restrained connection provides flexibility, ease of assembly, and positive restraint against endwise separation due to pulling during trenchless installation. The restrained joint C900 PVC pipe increases the tensile capacity of a standard bell-and-spigot PVC pipe by 35 times, while maintaining the ability to negotiate tight curves (i.e. min. bending radius of 19 m). Typically used in horizontal directional drilling and pipe bursting installations, both pipe products meet AWWA pressure standards making them suitable for pressure pipe applications. This paper provides discussion on these two emerging pulled-in-place products for trenchless applications and analysis of testing results supplemented with supporting field case studies.