TL;DR: A detailed description of the stucco (decorative plasterwork) and pigments used in the Alhambra (Granada, southern Spain) can be found in this paper.
Abstract: This paper deals with the description of the stucco (decorative plasterwork) and pigments used in the Alhambra (Granada, southern Spain). The nature, structure and deterioration of these materials are described in detail, as well as the painting and stucco techniques employed. A cast plaster technique is found throughout the Lions Palace (late Nasrid period, second half of the fourteenth century), whereas plaster carved in situ is only found in certain areas of the Partal Palace, one of the oldest constructions still extant in the Alhambra (1302–1309). Two original Nasrid palettes were also identified: an earlier, simpler palette of blue, red and black, and a later, more varied palette of red, blue, green, black and gold. In both cases white was the background colour. The gold decoration technique is described, as are the Christian interventions. Rich pigments were used throughout the history of the Alhambra (e.g. gold, lapis lazuli, azurite, malachite, cinnabar and red lead). Some pigments, red l...
TL;DR: A detailed examination of the plasterwork before samples of the more significant areas were selected from what was clearly part of the original work was carried out before the monument was restored as discussed by the authors, which consisted in the identification of the pigments and binding media, as well as the base mortars.
TL;DR: In this article, a detailed review of the stuccoes and plasters from historical construction treatises was carried out, and an equivalent eco-mortar was formulated, where the elastic modulus and compressive and flexural strength of each plaster layer was correlated with the cracking prevention capacity of the mortar.
TL;DR: Ormond Castle, Carrick on Suir, Ireland, is described in the earliest account of Brereton's visit to the castle as discussed by the authors, where he found in the outer court three or four haystacks, not far from the stable door.
Abstract: Here is my Lord of Ormond’s house, daintily seated on the river bank, which flows even to the walls of his house, which I went to see, and found in the outer court three or four haystacks, not far from the stable door; this court is paved. There are also two other courts; the one a quadrangle. The house was built at twice. Sir William Brereton’s description is the earliest account of Ormond Castle, Carrick on Suir (Fig. 1). It was the favourite house of Thomas Butler, 10th Earl of Ormond. Inside the building a unique decorative scheme in plaster of mid-sixteenth-century date has survived. The castle, now known as Ormond Castle, takes it name from its former owners, the powerful Anglo-Norman family of Butler, who came to Ireland in 1185 with King John. James Butler (d. 1338) was created Earl of Ormond in 1315. In the seventeenth century another James Butler, 12th earl, was elevated to a dukedom of Ormonde after the restoration of Charles II.