TL;DR: The Earth, Moon and Planets by Fred L. Whipple as discussed by the authors provides up-to-date information about the bodies in the solar system, and as it is written in language which is almost entirely free from technicalities, it will appeal to a wide circle of readers.
Abstract: THIS is one of a series of books from Harvard Observatory, all of which are compiled by specialists in their own particular sphere. The present volume gives up-to-date information about the bodies in the solar system, and as it is written in language which is almost entirely free from technicalities, it will appeal to a wide circle of readers. The author devotes some space to a consideration of origins and evolution, especially to the origin of lunar craters and to the origin of the planetary system. He favours the volcanic theory of the formation of craters on the moon, but admits that meteors may be responsible for the more recent craters-those with ray systems and some of the whiter ones, and also for many of the craterlets and crater pits. In dealing with the origin and evolution of the planets in Chapter 14, he examines the arguments for and against the planetesimal hypothesis of Chamberlin and Moulton and the tidal theory, and gives his opinion in favour of a fairly rapid condensation as more probable than an accretion ; but he admits that the choice between the two processes is not conclusive as the problems are complex. Earth, Moon and Planets By Fred L. Whipple. (Harvard Books on Astronomy.) Pp. vii + 293. (London: J. and A. Churchill, Ltd., 1946.) 18s.
TL;DR: Knowledge gained of the 17 Saturn moons with observations by the Voyager spacecraft is reviewed in this paper, where the abundance of ice on the moons is accepted as evidence of condensation formation of the moons at very low temperatures.
Abstract: Knowledge gained of the 17 Saturn moons with observations by the Voyager spacecraft are reviewed. Titan was found to have the only atmosphere, which is opaque and precludes geologic inferences. Synchronous rotation is experienced by the 14 inner moons, with a constant inner face turned toward the planet. Phoebe is too far away from the planet to lose its spin to planetary tidal forces, and has an orbit inclined 150 deg from the equatorial plane, while Iapetus is inclined 14.7 deg in its orbit. The abundance of ice on the moons is accepted as evidence of condensation formation of the moons at very low temperatures. Newly discovered moons of Saturn, including both the shepherd moons, which are suspected to maintain the rings in place, and the moons discovered by earth-based astronomy, are discussed. Finally, photographs of all the moons are examined for definitive details.
TL;DR: In this paper, arguments for the view that the Moon originally was a planet, which was captured by the Earth are given for the first time, and the results for the Earth and the Moon (possibly the formation of continents) and for the Moon's formation of the lunar craters are discussed.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors assess the danger of exomoons to be in a runaway greenhouse (RG) state due to extensive heating from the planet and apply pre-computed evolution tracks for giant planets to calculate the incident planetary radiation on the moon as a function of time.
Abstract: The Kepler space telescope has detected transits of objects as small as the Earth's Moon, and moons as small as 02 Earth masses can be detected in the Kepler data by transit timing and transit duration variations of their host planets Such massive moons around giant planets in the stellar habitable zone (HZ) could serve as habitats for extraterrestrial life We here assess the danger of exomoons to be in a runaway greenhouse (RG) state due to extensive heating from the planet We apply pre-computed evolution tracks for giant planets to calculate the incident planetary radiation on the moon as a function of time The total energy budget of stellar flux, illumination from the planet, and tidal heating in the satellite is compared to the critical flux for the moon to experience an RG effect Irradiation from a 13-Jupiter-mass planet onto an Earth-sized moon at a distance of ten Jupiter radii can drive an RG state on the moon for about 200 Myr If stellar illumination equivalent to that received by Earth from the Sun is added, the RG holds for about 500 Myr After 1000 Myr, the planet's habitable edge has moved inward to about 6 planetary radii Exomoons in orbits with eccentricities of 01 experience strong tidal heating; they must orbit a 13-Jupiter-mass host beyond 29 or 18 Jupiter radii after 100 Myr (at the inner and outer boundaries of the stellar HZ, respectively), and beyond 13 Jupiter radii (in both cases) after 1000 Myr to be habitable If a roughly Earth-sized moon would be detected in orbit around a giant planet, and if this binary would orbit in the stellar HZ, then it will be crucial to recover the moon's orbital history If such a moon around a 13-Jupiter-mass planet has been closer than 20 Jupiter radii to its host during the first few hundred million years at least, then it might have lost substantial amounts of its initial water reservoir and be uninhabitable today