Pie chart

Abstract: Recent work on graph perception has focused on the nature of the processes that operate when people decode the information represented in graphs. We began our investigations by gathering evidence that people have generic expectations about what types of information will be the major messages in various types of graphs. These graph schemata suggested how graph type and judgment type would interact to determine the speed and accuracy of quantitative information extraction. These predictions were confirmed by the finding that a comparison judgment was most accurate when the judgment required assessing position along a common scale (simple bar chart), had intermediate accuracy on length judgments (divided bar chart), and was least accurate when assessing angles (pie chart). In contrast, when the judgment was an estimate of the proportion of the whole, angle assessments (pie chart) were as accurate as position (simple bar chart) and more accurate than length (divided bar chart). Proposals for elementa...

Abstract: Poorly designed charts are prevalent in reports, magazines, books and on the Web Most of these charts are only available as bitmap images; without access to the underlying data it is prohibitively difficult for viewers to create more effective visual representations In response we present ReVision, a system that automatically redesigns visualizations to improve graphical perception Given a bitmap image of a chart as input, ReVision applies computer vision and machine learning techniques to identify the chart type (eg, pie chart, bar chart, scatterplot, etc) It then extracts the graphical marks and infers the underlying data Using a corpus of images drawn from the web, ReVision achieves image classification accuracy of 96% across ten chart categories It also accurately extracts marks from 79% of bar charts and 62% of pie charts, and from these charts it successfully extracts data from 71% of bar charts and 64% of pie charts ReVision then applies perceptually-based design principles to populate an interactive gallery of redesigned charts With this interface, users can view alternative chart designs and retarget content to different visual styles

Abstract: A system and methods of performing searches within a universe of preexisting documents to extract a subset of relevant documents is disclosed. The user selects search terms or key words, and an application program performs a search of the universe of documents, compiles a subset or collection of documents based upon the search terms or keywords selected, and presents the resulting collection of documents to the user. An abstract marker such as a color highlighter, e.g. a color overlayed upon the key words such that the key word is visible through the colored portion, is associated with the keywords or criterion within a document. A collection of documents is presented as a group of second abstract markers, such as a pie chart, with colored segments representing keywords such that the proportion of instances of a keyword corresponds to the relative size of a segment within the pie chart.

Abstract: A 3D graphics generation and display application for PCs and laptops in a business environment includes an authoring mode screen which has a list (38) database elements sought to be graphically displayed, along with a list (40) of variables pertaining to the database elements. Also, the application presents a menu (42) of graphics attributes, including each of the three spatial dimensions and time, as well as various graphics object attributes, such as color, size, rotation, opacity, intensity, texture, etc. The user determines whether the graphics objects are balls for a scatter plot, bars for a bar chart, pie-shaped elements for a pie chart, or other 3D representation. By clicking on a database variable in the list (40) of variables and dragging it over an attribute on the attribute menu (42), the user can correlate the database variable with the graphics attribute. When the user correlates a variable to a graphics attribute, the correlation is noted by a legend (44) that is displayed with the menu (42) of attributes. The graphics are displayed in an animated 3D presentation with graphics attributes, including their motion over time, determined by the database variables which have been correlated to the attributes.