TL;DR: A single-smear survey for blood parasites was conducted among birds of an area with a tropical rain forest climate in Panama, finding 926 birds found to harbor blood parasites, with Infections of Leucocytozoon mainly found in North American migrants.
Abstract: A single-smear survey for blood parasites was conducted among birds of an area with a tropical rain forest climate in Panama. Birds were collected from a variety of habitats including, swamp forests, open fresh water marshes, peridomestic and second growth association and upland tropical rain forests. Smeats from 3,634 birds belonging to 249 species, 48 families and 19 orders were examined and 926, or 25.5%, were found to harbor blood parasites. There were 5 main groups of parasites observed, namely, Plasmodium with 233 positive smears, Haemoproteus with 589, microfilariae with 224, trypanosomes with 61 and Leucocytozoon with 18. Ten different types of Plasmodium were recognized, of these, three did not seem to agree morphologically with any of the described forms of avian piasmodia and were designated in this survey as "Butorides", "Casmerodius" and "Piaya" types. They were recorded trom the Green Heron, the Common Egret and the Squirrel Cuckoo, respectively. The remaining seven types resembled morphologically the following species : P. relictum, P. cathemerium, P. hexamerium, (= oti), P. nucleophilium, P. vaughani, P. polare, and P. circumflexuz . Twelve distinct types of microfilariae were recognized from 134 smears collected early in the survey. Of these, 2 resembled closely Splendidofilaria wehri Anderson and Pseudaproctella inornata Anderson. Infections of Leucocytozoon were mainly found in North American migrants. There were only 6 smears found positive with this genus of blood parasites from four species of local birds, namely, a heron, a swallow, a flycatcher and an oriole. A list of all avian species collected is presented, giving the scientific and common names of each species. Brief notes on the habits and blood parasites of the species found infected are also included.
TL;DR: Results reflect some early classifications of these genera and support the resurrection of Micrococcyx to house the ash‐coloured (Coccyzus cinereus) and dwarf (C. pumilus) cuckoos, and Coccycua for the little cuckoo (Piaya minuta).
Abstract: Coccyzus comprises nine species of New World cuckoos (Aves: Cuculidae) that breed from southern Canada to central South America. The phylogeny of this genus was reconstructed using 2490 base pairs of the mitochondrial genes cytochrome oxidase II and III, and cytochrome b. Maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony, and Bayesian inference approaches produced similar topologies in which Coccyzus, as currently classified, is polyphyletic. Topological‐constraint analyses demonstrated that trees resulting from this study were significantly better than those derived from conventional classifications. Furthermore, results support paraphyly of Piaya, another genus of New World cuckoos. These conclusions reflect some early classifications of these genera and support the resurrection of Micrococcyx to house the ash‐coloured (Coccyzus cinereus) and dwarf (C. pumilus) cuckoos, and Coccycua for the little cuckoo (Piaya minuta).
TL;DR: This new genus is erected as monotypic for Cucolepis cincta sp.
Abstract: Cucolepis gen. n. is erected as monotypic for Cucolepis cincta sp. n., a new species of cyclophyllidean cestode of the family Paruterinidae. The new species is described from the squirrel cuckoo, Piaya cayana Lesson (Aves: Cuculiformes), taken from two localities in Paraguay in 1984 and 1985. This new genus is most similar to the genus Triaenorhina Spasskii et Shumilo, 1965 in terms of the hook morphology and large epiphyseal structures extending from both the handle and guard, but differs in several aspects of the strobilar morphology, such as the shape of the cirrus sac, genital atrium, uterus and paruterine organ. The strobilar morphology of the new genus strongly resembles that of the genus Francobona Georgiev et Kornyushin, 1994, especially the shape of the cirrus sac and genital atrium, yet Francobona spp. lack the developed epiphyseal structures observed in species of Cucolepis and Triaenorhina. Previous records and the nature of parasite-host associations between cuculiform birds and their cestode parasites are discussed.