Topic
Phytomonas
About: Phytomonas is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 217 publications have been published within this topic receiving 4540 citations.
Papers published on a yearly basis
1 / 2
Papers
TL;DR: This review incites a dialogue on how the understanding of the relationships between certain trypanosomatids has shifted, and discusses new knowledge that informs the present taxonomy of these important parasites.
Abstract: Trypanosomatids are protozoan parasites of the class Kinetoplastida predominately restricted to invertebrate hosts (i.e. possess a monoxenous life-cycle). However, several genera are pathogenic to humans, animals and plants, and have an invertebrate vector that facilitates their transmission (i.e. possess a dixenous life-cycle). Phytomonas is one dixenous genus that includes several plant pathogens transmitted by phytophagous insects. Trypanosoma and Leishmania are dixenous genera that infect vertebrates, including humans, and are transmitted by hematophagous invertebrates. Traditionally, monoxenous trypanosomatids such as Leptomonas were distinguished from morphologically similar dixenous species based on their restriction to an invertebrate host. Nonetheless, this criterion is somewhat flawed as exemplified by Leptomonas seymouri which reportedly infects vertebrates opportunistically. Similarly, Novymonas and Zelonia are presumably monoxenous genera yet sit comfortably in the dixenous clade occupied by Leishmania. The isolation of Leishmania macropodum from a biting midge (Forcipomyia spp.) rather than a phlebotomine sand fly calls into question the exclusivity of the Leishmania-sand fly relationship, and its suitability for defining the Leishmania genus. It is now accepted that classic genus-defining characteristics based on parasite morphology and host range are insufficient to form the sole basis of trypanosomatid taxonomy as this has led to several instances of paraphyly. While improvements have been made, resolution of evolutionary relationships within the Trypanosomatidae is confounded by our incomplete knowledge of its true diversity. The known trypanosomatids probably represent a fraction of those that exist and isolation of new species will help resolve relationships in this group with greater accuracy. This review incites a dialogue on how our understanding of the relationships between certain trypanosomatids has shifted, and discusses new knowledge that informs the present taxonomy of these important parasites.
195 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that, owing to organisational constraints, the trypanosomatids can undergo substantial molecular variation while registering very little in the way of morphological change.
193 citations
TL;DR: Evidence will be discussed which indicates that the succinate produced by trypanosomatids is formed mainly via an oxidative pathway and not via reduction of fumarate, a process known to occur in parasitic helminths.
173 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the development of a polymerase chain reaction coupled with SL3' hybridization has facilitated the detection of Phytomonas in plants, which can be identified by DNA hybridization with a specific probe complementary to a sequence of the mini-exon or spliced leader gene.
Abstract: Trypanosomatid parasites are fairly common in the latex, phloem, fruit sap, seed albumen, and even in the nectar, of many plant families. They are transmitted to the plants in the saliva of phytophagous hemipterous bugs (Insecta). Morphologically, plant trypanosomatids have no special characteristic, except perhaps a very twisted cell body. Most occur in plants as promastigotes and a few as choanomastigotes. It is still controversial whether or not they are pathogenic in lactiferous plants or fruit, but it is certain that the phloem parasites are pathogenic in coconut palms and coffee bushes. In these plants, they cause lethal diseases responsible for the destruction of many plantations in Central and South America, but fortunately nowhere else in the world. Probably more than one genus of Trypanosomatidae is represented among the plant parasites. The most important is certainly Phytomonas, but Leptomonas, Crithidia and Herpetomonas may also be present. The distinction between them is difficult and only recently have molecular markers become available to help in their identification. At present, Phytomonas can be identified by DNA hybridization with a specific probe (SL3') complementary to a sequence of the mini-exon or spliced leader gene. The development of a polymerase chain reaction coupled to SL3' hybridization has facilitated the detection of Phytomonas in plants. The phylogeny of Phytomonas is still being worked out. For the moment it can only be said that the genus is very close to Herpetomonas.
173 citations
TL;DR: Le plus grand nombre d'information tourne autour des mecanismes de transmission de ces organismes par l'intermediaire de vecteurs, tels que les heteropteres, reconnus comme les tranmetteurs des #Phytomonas# d'euphorbes.
Abstract: ,genus Leptomonas, assign ing them the name Leptomonas davidi in honor of his technician, David, who discovered them. Their published report caused quite a stir among doctors, veterinary surgeons, and biologists working on trypanosomatid diseases in men and animals: kala-azar, Chagas' disease, and sleeping sickness, for example. Indeed, contemporary looseness in the classification of the Trypanosomatidae and in the epidemiology and etiology of these diseases made a phyllogenetic connection between these plant flagellates and those causing such terrible ills a very attractive hypothesis. It was even thought that the parasitized plants served as a reservoir for certain leishmanioses and trypanosomiases. Thus, for about fifteen years publication followed publication announcing the presence of new species of parasitized plants in different parts of the world. But all these reports came from doctors and veterinary surgeons, and it was
129 citations
Related Topics (5)
Performance Metrics
| Year | Papers |
|---|---|
| 2020 | 3 |
| 2019 | 4 |
| 2018 | 5 |
| 2017 | 2 |
| 2016 | 7 |
| 2015 | 5 |