Abstract: Plants are recognized in the pharmaceutical industry due to their broad spectrum of structural diversity and their wide range of pharmacological activities. The biological active compounds that are present in plants referred as phytochemicals. These phytochemicals derived from different parts of plants such as leaves, barks, seed, seed coat, flowers, roots and pulps and thereby used as sources of direct medicinal agents. Phytochemistry describes the large number of secondary metabolic compounds present in the plants. The plants are the reservoirs of naturally occurring chemical compounds and of structurally diverse bioactive molecules. The extraction of bioactive compounds from the plants and their quantitative and qualitative estimation is important for exploration of new biomolecules to be used by pharmaceutical and agrochemical industry directly or can be used as a lead molecule to synthesize more potent molecules. This review mostly highlighted on the analytical methodologies, which includes the extraction methods and the analysis of bioactive compounds present in the plant extracts through the various techniques involving the applications of chromatographic techniques such as HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography), TLC (Thin Layer Chromatography), HPTLC (High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography), OPLC (Optimum Performance Laminar Chromatography), GC (Gas Chromatography), PC (Paper Chromatography), CC (Column Chromatography) and it’s detection through Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectroscopy (FTIR), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), and Mass Spectrometry (MS).

Abstract: The genus Rhodocodon (Hyacinthaceae sensu APG II) is endemic to Madagascar, and its phytochemistry has not been described previously. The phytochemistry of three species in this genus has been investigated, and eight compounds, including three bufadienolides (compounds 1, 4, and 5), a norlignan (2), and four homoisoflavonoids (compounds 3 and 6–8), have been isolated and identified. Compounds 1–3 and 6–8 have not been described previously. The COX-2 inhibitory activity of compound 6 and compound 7 acetate (compound 7A) was investigated on isolated colorectal cancer cells. Compounds 6 and 7A inhibited COX-2 by 10% and 8%, respectively, at a concentration of 12.5 μM compared to 12% for 1 mM aspirin (the positive control).

Abstract: Plants have long been known for their natural arsenal, serving as an important source of nutrients and therapeutic components. Since about 600,000 years ago, humans used plants as medicines. Plant medicines correspond to the preparations issued from those plants. Today, plant medicines are widely worldwide where about 80% of the world's population uses herbs as primary medicines. This medicinal value is mainly attributed to the fact that plants are rich inbioactive phytochemicals. Lebanon, due to its geographical location and important environmental characteristics, is endowed with a rich flora. Hundreds of Lebanese plants have been defined in terms of their chemical composition and medicinal value where many other species are yet to be characterized.In this study, we aimed at characterizing the phytochemical content and therapeutic value of two Lebanese plant species, Crataegus azarolus L and Ephedra campylopoda. Fresh leaves, derived from each plant species, were dissolved in three different solvents distilled water, ethanol, and methanol. The phytochemical composition of different extracts issued from the two plant species was examined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the essential oil content was determined by gas chromatography (GC) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS). DPPH radical scavenging and Fe2+ chelating activity assays were used to assess the antioxidant potential. Anti-inflammatory potential was evaluated by measuring the secreted amounts of the pro-inflammatory mediator PGE2 using ELISA technique, as well as by assaying the mRNA levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-α, IL-β and IL-6), chemokines (CCL3 and CCL4) and inflammation-sensitive COX-2 and iNOS using quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). XTT viability assay was carried out to determine the anti-proliferative effect of each extract. For both plant species, we observed an important phytochemical content with thealcoholic (methanol and ethanol) extracts being more rich in bioactive molecules. In parallel, the two plant species exhibited significant biological activities with the alcoholic extracts exerting important, in vitro, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative effects.Collectively, our observations suggest a promising potential for Crataegus azarolus L and Ephedra campylopoda during treatment of diseases associated with oxidative stress, aberrant inflammatory responses or uncontrolled cell proliferation. However, further in vivo characterization of these effects is indispensable.

Abstract: Since ancient times, plants are used as source of medicine. Aegle marmelos is a pharmacologically varied medicinal plant. The various parts of Aegle marmelos, precisely fruit, have an immense range of medicinal uses in folk medicine and used for the healing of different disease. The numerous phytochemical constituents of this plant have been exposed namely, marmeline, Agelin, aegelenine, marmeline, dictamine, fragrine, inulin, proteins, carbohydrates, alkaloids, cardiac glycosides and flavonoids. Researchers reported pharmacological potential of various parts such as fruits, leaves, and stems of Aegle marmelos as antioxidant, antimicrobial, hypoglycemic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, nephroprotective, hepatoprotective etc. We performed PUBMED, EMBASE, Google scholar searches for medicinal values along with other uses of Aegle marmelos. In present review, comprehensive study focused on knowledge regarding several traditional, chemical and pharmacological activities of Aegle marmelos has been described.

Abstract: Rosemary is a well-known aromatic and medicinal plant whose consumption serves to remedy the number of disorders. Its essential oil (EO) constitutes an important ingredient for well-being feeling improvement through beauty products such as soaps, perfumes, and deodorants. The identification of phytochemical compounds is based on the peak area, retention time molecular weight, molecular formula, chemical structure, and pharmacological actions. It contains chemical constitutions, which may be useful for various herbal formulations as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, cardiac tonic, and antiasthmatic. Therefore, this chapter reviews the phytochemical compounds of Rosmarinus officinalis, using methanolic extraction. The phytochemical compound is screened by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method and the evaluation of antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the essential oils.

Abstract: The Pometia pinnata fruit flesh from Papua, Indonesia is widely used in traditional medicine has been extracted. The extraction has used the solvent of methanol, ethyl acetate, and nhexane. The yield of extraction in methanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane were 21.65%, 2.92% and 0.91%. Qualitative analysis of phytochemical constituents in methanol were tannins, phenolic and steroid, more complete contents of secondary metabolite, compared to those of n-hexane and ethyl acetate extracts. Quantitative analysis for total phenolic compound was 393.38±0.28 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE.g -1 ).

Abstract: Genus Prismatomeris belongs to Rubiaceae family, with interesting secondary metabolites, comprising main classes of compounds anthraquinones, iridoids, triterpenoids and their derivative glycoside. Prismatomeris species has been employing as folk medicines against hepatitis, stomachaches, pneumoconiosis, poultice to fresh wounds, bloody vomiting, etc. Many bioactive reports such as cytotoxic assay, antifungal, antimalarial, or oedema inhibitory activity, indicate either Prismatomeris extracts or isolated compounds to become valuable resources for natural new drug developments. However, no evidences are reported for general view about this genus. In current paper, we exhibit overview of major chemical components and biological evaluations from this genus. Basing on this view, it helps us understand the traditional values of these medicinal plants, and guideline for future researches.

Abstract: Aqueous herbal formulations against enteric diseases in Malawi are stored in different containers and for different durations, a practice whose implications to the stability of the antimicrobial potency, pH and phytochemical presence has not been explored in Malawi. Formulations from P. guajava leaves and roots, M. azadirachta leaves and C. frutescens roots were stored in clay pots and plastic bottles and checked for their stability in antibacterial potency against Escherichia coli using the disc method, its pH changes and phytochemical presence. Phytochemicals were present mostly from day 2, pH was storage duration-dependent. Antibacterial potency depended on storage duration and was not affected by container material. Maximum antibacterial activity was observed in P. guajava leaves formulation in plastic bottle at 62% that of Erythromycin. The study showed that aqueous formulations can be stored in either plastic containers or clay pots without adversely affecting their potency.

Abstract: Sesquiterpene lactones (SLs) have attracted attention in recent years because of their potential as lead compounds for the pharmaceutical industry. They have been isolated from the genus Vernonia in the last four decades where a variety of skeletal types have been discovered. The diversity of the sesquiterpene lactone structure was attributed to plant genetics. There are 309 sesquiterpene lactones reported to have been isolated from the genus Vernonia. These are largely of the germacranolide, guaianolide, elemanolide and eudesmanolide skeletal types. The largest of these is the germacranolide type representing 71%, followed by the guaianolides (17%), elemanolides (6%), eudesmanolides (3%) and miscellaneous (3%). This review provides an analysis of the chemical and biogenetic relationships of the SLs from Vernonia as reported in the literature from 1967 to 2016.

Abstract: Purpose : To investigate the phytochemistry, cytotoxicity and acute toxicity of leaf extracts from Annona vepretorum . Methods : The crude extracts were obtained by maceration with hexane and methanol. The crude methanol extract was suspended in a 3:7 (v/v) mixture of methanol (MeOH) and water (H 2 O) and partitioned with hexane, chloroform (CHCl 3 ) and ethyl acetate (AcOEt) in ascending order of polarity to obtain the respective extracts. In the investigation of phytochemical profile, the extracts were evaluated on thin layer chromatography (TLC) plates of silica gel. Cytotoxicity was tested using 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium) (MTS) assays against tumor cell lines, viz,HCT-116 (colon), SF-295 (brain), HL-60 (leukemic) and Sarcoma-180. Acute toxicity study was performed by administration of a single oral dose of 2 g/kg body weight of the extracts to mice and the animals were observed for 14 days. Results : Phytochemical screening results showed that A. vepretorum extracts contain alkaloids, flavonoids and terpenes. Methanol and chloroform extracts exhibited high cytotoxic activity against HCT-116, HL-60 and Sarcoma-180. Moreover, the extracts displayed low toxicity in mice, as no deaths and pronounced toxic effects were observed. Conclusion : A. vepretorum contains a variety of secondary metabolites which may confer on this species high cytotoxic activity. In addition, the oral administration of the extracts produced low toxicity in mice. Keywords : Annonaceae, Annona vepretorum, Phytochemistry, Tumor cell lines, Acute toxicity

Abstract: Phytochemistry is mainly concerned with enormous varieties of secondary plant metabolites which are biosynthesized by plants. Preliminary phytochemical investigations of leaves extract have been carried out by using different solvents (methanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexane) for the presence of various phytoconstituents. Phytochemical analysis of various solvent extracts of leaves had shown the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, Tanins, Phenols, Flavonoids, and Steroids. And also leaf extract evaluated for antibacterial activity against gram positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus) and gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes) two concentrations of extracts 600µg/ml and 900µg/ml were used. The extract of leaf inhibited the growth of all the test samples. The zone of inhibition increased with increase in concentration of the test solution. High inhibition zone was observed in methanol extracts with 900µg/ml concentration in Enterobacter aerogenes (18mm).

Abstract: The Magnolia coco which is widely used in traditional medicine has been extracted. The extraction used the solvent of methanol and n-hexane. The yield of extraction in methanol and n-hexane were 2.92% and 39.10%. Qualitative analyses of phytochemical constituents in methanol were tannins, phenolic, saponin, and terpenoid. On the other hand, n-hexane has terpenoid compound only. The analysis that used GCMS showed that n-hexane extract have six constituent which were 1,5-Octadiene-3,7-diol; 3,7-dimethyl- (terpenediol I); 2,6-Dimethyl-1,7-octadiene-3,6-diol; 3,5,5-trimethyl-4-(3-oxobutyl)-1-cyclohex-2-enone; 3,7-dimethyl-4-(2-methyl-1-propenyl)-2,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-1H-inden-1-ol,S)-4,5,9,9-Tetramethyl-2,4a,5,6,7,8,9,9a-octahydro-1H-1,5-cyclo-benzocycloheptene and 3-(3-Butynyl)-2-cycloocten-1-valerenol. Meanwhile, methanol extract consist of Methyl 14-Methylpentadecanoate and (1Z)-3-ethenylcyclooctene.

Abstract: (Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Momordica charantia L. (M. charantia), a member of the Cucurbitaceae family, is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. It has been used in folk medicine for the treatment of diabetes mellitus, and its fruit has been used as a vegetable for thousands of years. Phytochemicals including proteins, polysaccharides, flavonoids, triterpenes, saponins, ascorbic acid and steroids have been found in this plant. Various biological activities of M. charantia have been reported, such as antihyperglycemic, antibacterial, antiviral, antitumor, immunomodulation, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anthelmintic, antimutagenic, antiulcer, antilipolytic, antifertility, hepatoprotective, anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities. However, both in vitro and in vivo studies have also demonstrated that M. charantia may also exert toxic or adverse effects under different conditions. This review addresses the chemical constituents of M. charantia and discusses their pharmacological activities as well as their adverse effects, aimed at providing a comprehensive overview of the phytochemistry and biological activities of M. charantia.

Abstract: <p><strong>Conference topics:</strong></p> <ul> <li>The barriers associated with technological transfer. Solutions to solve these problems.</li> <li>The needs and requirements of the industry towards scientific research.</li> <li>Science’s offer for the industry and agriculture.</li> <li>Poland strategy for economic growth.</li> </ul> <p>Mainly, diet supplements and foods for particular nutritional uses projects and also safety assessment performed by our Department can lead to obtain a new innovative products.</p>

Abstract: Walnut (Juglans regia L.) is the most widespread tree nut in the world. The tree is commonly called as the Persian walnut, white walnut, English walnut or common walnut. It belongs to Juglandaceae and has the scientific name Juglans regia (J. regia). The array of human health benefits, derived from walnut is primarily due to the abundant presence of phytochemical components such as flavonoids, carotenoids, alkaloids, nitrogen-containing compounds, as well as other polyphenolic. All parts of the plant are important viz. kernel, bark, leaves, flowers, green husk, septum, oil etc. Oil of this plant is extensively used in ayurveda, unani, homeopathic and allopathic system of medicines. Many health benefits claimed for the consumption of J. regia includes antioxidant, antihistaminic, analgesic, bronchodilator, antiulcer, immunomodulatory, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, antifertility, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antihypertensive, neuroprotective, anticancer, lipolytic, wound healing, insecticidal and several other therapeutic properties. This review article attempts, bring to light the available literature on J. regia with respect to traditional, ethnobotany, phytoconstituents and summary of various pharmacological activities on animal and humans.

Abstract: Although phenanthrenes are considered to constitute a relatively small group of natural products, discovering new phenanthrene derivatives and evaluating their prospective biological activities have become of great interest to many research groups worldwide. Based on 160 references, this review covers the phytochemistry and pharmacology of 213 naturally occurring phenanthrenes that have been isolated between 2008 and 2016. More than 40% of the 450 currently known naturally occurring phenanthrenes were identified during this period. The family Orchidaceae is the most abundant source of these compounds, although several new plant families and genera have been involved in the search for phenanthrenes. The presence of certain substituent patterns may be restricted to specific families; vinyl-substituted phenanthrenes were reported only from Juncaceae plants, and prenylated derivatives occur mainly in Euphorbiaceae species. Therefore, these compounds also can serve as chemotaxonomic markers. Almost all of the newly isolated compounds have been studied for their biological activities (e.g., potential cytotoxic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects), and many of them showed multiple activities. According to the accumulated data, denbinobin, with a novel mechanism of action, has great potential as a lead compound for the development of a new anticancer agent.