Physochlaina

Abstract: The Solanaceae plants distributed in China belong to 105 species and 35 varietas of 24 genera. Some medicinal plants of Solanaceae are rich in tropane alkaloids(TAs), which have significant pharmacological activities. In this paper, the geographical distribution, chemical components, traditional therapeutic effect, pharmacological activities, and biosynthetic pathways of TAs in Solanaceous plants were summarized. Besides, the phylogeny of medicinal plants belonging to Solanaceae was visualized by network diagram. Fourteen genera of Solanaceae plants in China contain TAs and have medical records. TAs mainly exist in Datura, Anisodus, Atropa, Physochlaina, and Hyoscyamus. The TAs-containing species were mainly concentrated in Southwest China, and the content of TAs was closely related to plant distribution area and altitude. The Solanaceae plants containing TAs mainly have antispasmodic, analgesic, antiasthmatic, and antitussive effects. Modern pharmacological studies have proved the central sedative, pupil dilating, glandular secretion-inhibiting, and anti-asthma activities of TAs. These pharmacological activities provide a reasonable explanation for the traditional therapeutic efficacy of tropane drugs. In this paper, the geographical distribution, chemical components, traditional therapeutic effect, and modern pharmacological activities of TAs-containing species in Solanaceae were analyzed for the first time. Based on these data, the genetic relationship of TAs-containing Solanaceae species was preliminarily discussed, which provided a scientific basis for the basic research on TAs-containing solanaceous species and was of great significance for the development of natural medicinal plant resources containing TAs.

Abstract: Physochlaina is an important perennial herbaceous genus with significant medicinal value, while the phylogeny of Physochlaina and tribe Hyoscyameae is not well resolved yet. In this study, we report the complete chloroplast genome sequences of Ph. physaloides, its complete chloroplast genome is 156,413 bp in length, which is a typical quadripartite structure that includes a large single-copy region of 86,659 bp, a small single-copy region of 18,012 bp, and its GC content was 37.7%. A total of 132 genes were identified, including 87 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. Furthermore, a phylogenetic tree of the tribe Hyoscyameae was constructed based the complete chloroplast genome sequence, and a new topology of the tribe was obtained. This study provides valuable genetic information for the conservation and utilization of Ph. physaloides and also provide the potential for better understanding of the phylogeny of Hyoscyameae and Solanaceae.