TL;DR: In this article, the applicability of the GSI classification system to these highly heterogeneous and anisotropic metasedimentary rock masses has been discussed and an extension to account for the foliated or laminated weak rocks in the lower range of its applicability is proposed.
Abstract: The Athens Schist Formation includes a wide variety of metasedimentary rocks, varying from strong or medium strong rocks such as sericite metasandstone, limestone, greywacke, sericite schist through to weak rocks such as metasiltstone, clayey and silty shale and phyllite. The overall rock mass is highly heterogeneous and anisotropic owing to the combined effect of advanced weathering and severe tectonic stressing that gave rise to intense folding and shearing followed by extensional faulting, which resulted in highly weathered rock masses and numerous shear and/or mylonite zones with distinct downgraded engineering properties. This paper is focused on the applicability of the GSI classification system to these highly heterogeneous rock masses and proposes an extension of the GSI system to account for the foliated or laminated weak rocks in the lower range of its applicability.
TL;DR: In this article, multigrain concentrates of hornblende and muscovite together with whole-rock slate/phyllite samples have been dated using 40Ar/39Ar incremental-release methods along a systematic traverse across the various lithotectonic structural elements which comprise northwestern sectors of the Variscan Iberian Massif.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the anisotropic mechanical properties of deep-buried carbonaceous phyllite and its influence on the asymmetric mechanical behavior of supporting structures in the Zhegu mountain tunnel in Sichuan Province, China.
Abstract: When tunneling through deep-buried layered soft strata, asymmetric deformation of surrounding rock and asymmetric mechanical behavior of supporting structures are often encountered. This paper investigates the anisotropic mechanical properties of deep-buried carbonaceous phyllite and its influence on the asymmetrical mechanical behavior of supporting structures in the Zhegu mountain tunnel in Sichuan Province, China. It is a typical road tunnel that suffered from large asymmetrical deformation and cracking of the secondary lining due to layered strata and high geo-stresses. Firstly, experimental tests were conducted to investigate the influence of bedding angle on the mechanical properties and failure behavior of phyllite. Then, the UDEC numerical software was adopted to study the effects of the lateral pressure coefficient, rock layer inclination angle, bedding spacing and shear stress on the mechanical behavior of supporting structures. Moreover, a field test was conducted to measure the pressure between the surrounding rock and the primary support as well as the internal force of the steel arch and the secondary lining. Based on the field data and numerical simulation results, it can be concluded that the asymmetrical deformations of surrounding rock and the cracking of secondary lining in the Zhegu mountain tunnel were results of the coupling effect of layered soft rock and shearing action along the foliation.
TL;DR: Modeling of the sorption of U(VI) onto low-grade metamorphic rock phyllite indicated that uranyl sorption to ferrihydrite clearly dominates uranyl Sorption, showing the great importance of secondary iron phases for sorption studies.
TL;DR: In this paper, the U(VI) sorption of uranium on phyllite and on its main mineral constituents, muscovite, quartz, chlorite, and albite feldspar was studied in individual batch experiments at ambient pressure from pH 3.5 to 9.5.