Topic
Phosgenite
About: Phosgenite is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 27 publications have been published within this topic receiving 393 citations.
Papers
TL;DR: In this paper, the lead-based components of the powders were identified: crushed ore of galena and cerussite (PbCO3), and laurionite and phosgenite (pb2Cl2CO3).
Abstract: The extensive use of green, white and black make-up has been known since the earliest periods of Egyptian history1,2. We have investigated cosmetic powders dating from between 2000 and 1200 BC that were preserved in their original containers. Quantitative crystallographic and chemical analysis of the organic and mineral components of the powders enabled us to identify two natural lead-based compounds: crushed ore of galena (PbS) and cerussite (PbCO3). We also found two unexpected constituents: laurionite (PbOHCl) and phosgenite (Pb2Cl2CO3). Because they are neither natural extracted ores nor products resulting from subsequent ageing or chemical modification, laurionite and phosgenite appear to be synthetic products manufactured by the Egyptians using ‘wet’ chemistry.
149 citations
TL;DR: All four minerals are characterized by their Raman spectra, enabling the mineral identification in leachates and contaminants of environmental significance.
55 citations
TL;DR: The application of Raman spectroscopy to the study of mixed cationic Pb-Cu and Pb -Cu-Ag minerals has enabled their molecular structures to be compared as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The application of Raman spectroscopy to the study of the mixed cationic Pb-Cu and Pb-Cu-Ag minerals: boleite, cumengeite and diaboleite has enabled their molecular structures to be compared. Each of these three minerals shows different hydroxyl-stretching vibrational patterns, but some similarity exists in the Raman spectra of the hydroxyl-deformation modes. The low-wavenumber region is characterized by the bands assigned to the cation-chloride stretching and bending modes. Phosgenite is also a mixed chloride-carbonate mineral and a comparison is made with the molecular structure of the aforementioned minerals. Raman spectroscopy lends itself to the study of these types of minerals in complex mineral systems of secondary mineral formation.
41 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors observed the dissolution-reprecipitation reaction of Pb2Cl2CO3 to cerussite (PbCO3) in situ in a fluid cell of an atomic force microscope.
34 citations
TL;DR: Raman spectroscopy has been used to characterise several lead and mixed cationic-lead minerals including mendipite, perite, laurionite, diaboléite, bolerite, pseudoboléites, chloroxiphite, and cumengéite to study their vibrational spectra.
32 citations
Related Topics (5)
Performance Metrics
| Year | Papers |
|---|---|
| 2019 | 1 |
| 2013 | 1 |
| 2011 | 1 |
| 2006 | 1 |
| 2005 | 2 |
| 2004 | 1 |