Topic
Phosfolan
About: Phosfolan is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 4 publications have been published within this topic receiving 41 citations.
Papers
TL;DR: Results indicated that insecticide/juvenoid mixtures, when applied on 2-day-old pupae of the S strain, were synergistic, except in the case of cypermethrin/methoprene and methomyl/triprene mixture, for which additive effects were observed.
Abstract: The joint action of insecticides, or of mixtures of insect growth regulators and insecticides, on the susceptible (S) strain and diflubenzuron-resistant (Rd) strain of the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis Boisd. was investigated. The joint action of the insecticides and/or insect growth regulator mixtures was determined by mixing them in proportion to their activity equivalents at the LD25 or ED25 levels. A total of 15 mixtures of two synthetic pyrethroids, two organophosphorus, one carbamate and one organochlorine insecticides, were applied to the fourth-instar larvae of the S and Rd strains. The insecticide mixtures cypermethrin/methomyl and cypermethrin/endrin exhibited high and moderate levels of synergism on the S strain, respectively. However the mixtures chlorpyrifos/methomyl, phosfolan/methomyl, and phosfolan/endrin produced antagonism, while the other mixtures showed varying levels of additive effects. The response of the fourth-instar larvae of the S strain, to the joint action of diflubenzuron/juvenoid, diflubenzuron/insecticide, or insecticide/juvenoid mixtures, revealed that diflubenzuron produced high levels of synergism when combined with methoprene and progressively less with fenvalerate, methomyl and cypermethrin. On the other hand, the mixture diflubenzuron/triprene was antagonistic. Fenvalerate with the two juvenoids produced synergism while methomyl showed an additive effect with methoprene. However, the mixtures cypermethrin/methoprene, cypermethrin/triprene and methomyl/triprene produced antagonism. The mixtures that produced potentiation on the fourth-instar larvae of the S strain lost their high potency when tested against the Rd strain. The results also indicated that insecticide/juvenoid mixtures, when applied on 2-day-old pupae of the S strain, were synergistic, except in the case of cypermethrin/methoprene and methomyl/triprene mixtures, for which additive effects were observed. When the mixtures that had synergistic effects on the S strain were tested on the Rd strain, the results revealed that their synergistic effects were apparently reduced. This was attributed to the fact that the generalised levels of tolerance in the Rd strain towards various compounds may have influenced the several defence mechanisms to act against the synergistic action of the chemical mixtures.
28 citations
TL;DR: The results provided evidence that the toxicity of all the tested insecticides to the cotton leafworm can be markedly increased by using Du-ter in combination with each of the candidate insecticides.
Abstract: SUMMARY The joint action of several insecticide formulations with a constant concentration of the antifeedant Du-ter that gives 50% starvation with the fourth instar of Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) was assessed. The results provided evidence that the toxicity of all the tested insecticides to the cotton leafworm can be markedly increased by using Du-ter in combination with each of the candidate insecticides. Since Du-ter proved to be highly synergistic, its mixtures with insecticides can result in a decrease in the rate of insecticide application.
7 citations
01 Jan 1979-Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part B-pesticides Food Contaminants and Agricultural Wastes
TL;DR: The RBC's AChE activity can be recommended as a criterion for the level of exposure to organophosphorous insecticides in Egypt specially to protect cotton plants.
Abstract: Phosfolan (Cyolane), 2‐(diethoxy phosphinylimino)‐1,3‐dithiolane is one of the widely used insecticides in Egypt specially to protect cotton plants. The hazard of exposure of the spray workers team in the field was estimated in terms of the amount of Phosfolan insecticide retained on workmen body pads during field spraying. The health effect of such exposure was determined through recording of the AChE inhibition in the red blood cells at different intervals after exposure. The calculated percentage of the toxic dose received per every spraying day for each worker varied with the type of job in the range of 0.008 to 0.03 percent. The body of the mixer recieved the maximum exposure with 10 to 12 fold that of the assistants. The highly exposed group of workers suffered from 31 to 44 percent RBC's AChE inhibition. About half of the inhibited enzyme activity recovered after 48 hours. Then it took more than 3–4 weeks to reach complete recovery. Thus the RBC's AChE activity can be recommended as a crit...
4 citations
TL;DR: A tentative hypothesis was advanced that both oral toxicity of the four compounds for S. littoralis larvae and their subsequent recovery in the feces were related to water solubility.
3 citations
Related Topics (5)
Performance Metrics
| Year | Papers |
|---|---|
| 1983 | 1 |
| 1980 | 1 |
| 1979 | 1 |
| 1976 | 1 |