Pharmacon

Abstract: The aim of the present study was to optimize the process of drug release. Factors which influence drug release were studied in detail and their effects were described numerically. The factors studied were as follows: the concentration of the pharmacon (salicylic acid); its particle size; its suspended, dissolved, solubilized, or molecular encapsulated state;, the composition of the vehicle; the quantities of the polar and apolar components; and the viscosity of the vehicle. Drug release studies were carried out with Hanson's vertical diffusion cell. The process was described quantitatively by the slope of the equation describing the time-course of the liberation, by the quantity of pharmacon liberated in 8 h and also by the optimization parameter determined on the basis of the 22 model of the factorial design method. Increase of the concentration of salicylic acid was found to be accompanied by an exponential rise in drug release, while the extent of liberation decreased linearly with increasing viscosity. The greatest increase in the optimization parameter was observed when the polarity of the vehicle was changed. The process of liberation consists of the following steps: dissolution of the pharmacon, diffusion of the dissolved molecules, and their distribution. The current data revealed that the distribution is the most important element and exerts the greatest influence on optimal drug release. Drug Dev. Res. 59:316–325, 2003. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Abstract: Companies must be able to compete, so it requires quality human resources (HR) and technology in the form of applications implemented by the company that can assist in achieving the company's vision and mission. This research aims to analyze the influence of the quality of human resources and the Millennium Pharmacon International (SIMPI) Information System Application on the Performance of PT. Millenium Pharmacon International Tbk. This study uses a quantitative approach, where the population and research sample of all employees of PT. Millenium Pharmacon International Tbk. Surabaya branch as many as 85 people. The incoming data is processed and analyzed using the SPSS-26 program. The results of this study the quality of human resources has a positive but insignificant effect on the performance of employees of PT. Millenium Pharmacon International Tbk, SIMPI has a positive and significant effect on the employee performance of PT. Millenium Pharmacon International Tbk, and the quality of HR and SIMPI simultaneously have a positive and significant effect on the performance of employees of PT. Millenium Pharmacon International Tbk.

Abstract: The invention relates to a protein complex comprising one or more complex proteins or derivatives extracted from Clostridium botulinum of type A, B, C1, C2, D, E, F or G, and a selected polypeptide or low-molecular pharmacon.

Abstract: Present study describes the synthesis and pharmacological characteristics of the 18-glycyrrhizic acid com-plex with nifedipine, molecular composition 1:4. The study showed that complex decreases arterial pressure at the dose of nifedipine 10 times smaller than the therapeutic dose. Antiarrhythmic effect of nifedipine in this complex was obtained at the dosage 29 times lower than that ensuring antihypertensive action. Keywords: Nifedipine, Glycyrrhizic acid, Drug delivery, Complexation. INTRODUCTION Nifedipine, dimethyl ether 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2'-nitrophenyl)- 1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate, one of the commonly used 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives, is a selective slow calcium channel blocker. Its prevalence as an enteral antihypertensive agent can be explained both by pharmacological properties, which garner attention of practi-cal cardiologists again, and by technological availability of the pharmacon substance. As for the drug formulations for intravenous administration for acute care applications, some problems arise in their usage. In particular, administration of the recommended injection forms of the drug requires spe-cial precaution because the pharmacon solvent contains ethanol. Therefore, developing water-soluble forms of nifedipine suitable for parenteral administration is still a challenging problem. It is known that the use of carbohydrate-containing me-tabolites of microbial and plant origin for formation of pharmacon complexes is a rather promising approach to de-veloping novel drug carriers for known drugs. Cyclodextrins (CD) appear to be the highest in the list of the most exten-sively studied and practically used agents. Complexation of pharmacons using CD ensures im-proved water solubility of pharmacons, which frequently enhances their biovitality as well. In complexes with CD pharmacons are shown to have an elongated therapeutic ef-fect and enhanced resistance to early unwanted metabolism in the gastrointestinal tract. Complexes with CD are known for more than 70 phar-macons with different types of activity. Twenty CD com-plex-based drugs are produced commercially, including 7 preparations for injections [1-3]. The complexes of nifedip-ine with hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose [4, 5], with