TL;DR: The long-legged crickets (Orthoptera, Grylloidea, Phalangopsidae Blanchard, 1845) collected during the "Our Planet Reviewed" expedition of the Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, and Pro-Natura International in 2015 in the Mitaraka region (Tumuc-Humac mountains, French Guiana) are studied as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The long-legged crickets (Orthoptera, Grylloidea, Phalangopsidae Blanchard, 1845) collected during the ‘Our Planet Reviewed’ expedition of the Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, and Pro-Natura International in 2015 in the Mitaraka region (Tumuc-Humac mountains, French Guiana) are studied. Among the 105 specimens, all collected by sight, 21 species (14 genera) have been identified. They include two new genera and eight new species, all described here: Aracopsis hugeli Desutter-Grandcolas, n. gen., n. sp., which calling song is described, close to PhalangopsisServille, 1831 and Philippopsis Desutter-Grandcolas, 1992; Mellomima guyanensis Desutter-Grandcolas, n. gen., n. sp. close to Mellopsis Mews & Sperber, 2010, Guabamimade Mello, 1992 and PizacrisSousa-Dias & Desutter-Grandcolas, 2015; and the following species: Ectecous lamelliferus Desutter-Grandcolas, n. sp., Lerneca mitarakensis n. sp., Luzaridella miniata n. sp., Luzaridella maculata n. sp., Paraclodes cunicula Desutter-Grandcolas, n. sp. and Paraclodes furcata Desutter-Grandcolas, n. sp. The genus Paraclodes Desutter-Grandcolas, 1992 n. stat. is restored from its subgeneric status, and the available name Paraclodes guyanensis Desutter-Grandcolas, 1992 n. stat. is used for Paraclodes aptera (Chopard, 1912) as this name is preoccupied by Paraclodes aptera (Giglio-Tos, 1897). The tribe Aclodini Desutter-Grandcolas n. tribe is defined within the Paragryllinae Desutter, 1987 subfamily for the genera Aclodes Hebard, 1928, Paraclodes n. stat. and Uvaroviella Chopard, 1923, previously included in the Heterogryllina Hebard, 1928 (Phalangopsinae Blanchard, 1845, Phalangopsini Blanchard, 1845). The diversity of Guianese Phalangopsidae is discussed, and an updated identification key for Phalangopsidae crickets from French Guiana is proposed.
TL;DR: Modifications in acoustic signals of Amphiacusta maya may be adaptations to a gregarious mating system and may be a result of selection for aggressive signalling in both contexts (aggression and courtship).
Abstract: The cricket Amphiacusta maya (Gryllidae: Phalangopsinae) was studied in the field in Costa Rica and in the laboratory. In the seasonal habitat of Guanacaste Province, C.R., adults are found only during the first 4 months of the rainy season. Adults and subadult nymphs form aggregations each dawn and disperse at dusk. Within the aggregations, males chirp, fight other males, and occasionally mate with females. The acoustic behavior of these crickets differs from that of the better-known field crickets in three major ways. First, males do not produce a calling song. Second, the chirps given in aggressive and courtship contexts are nearly indistinguishable spectrally and temporally. Third, the species-typical chirp does not elicit phonotaxis in adult females or in nymphs. Possibly the calling song would no longer provide a selective advantage to males because females are in their vicinity regardless of male behavior. Additionally, acoustic signal similarity may be a result of selection for aggressive signalling in both contexts (aggression and courtship). Thus these modifications in acoustic signals may be adaptations to a gregarious mating system.
TL;DR: Two new subgenera and eight new species of the subfamily Phalangopsinae are described from Sulawesi, Supiori, Mindoro, Palawan, Sumatra, and Cousin islands.
Abstract: Two new subgenera and eight new species of the subfamily Phalangopsinae are described from Sulawesi, Supiori, Mindoro, Palawan, Sumatra, and Cousin islands. Two former subgenera, Longizacla and Brevizacla, are considered as genera. The new synonymy for a subgenus of the genus Luzonogryllus is established. Diagnostic characters and systematic position of some taxa are discussed.