TL;DR: The results obtained indicate that Genisteae sensu Polhill are a natural group, which is phyletically related to Thermopsideae and to Sophoreae, and serologically related to the «primitive» genera more than to other groups.
Abstract: Serological tests among more than 70 species of Genisteae and almost 30 species of other tribes of Fabaceae allowed to verify several hypotheses on the origin and diversification of the Genisteae. The results obtained indicate that Genisteae sensu Polhill are a natural group, which is phyletically related to Thermopsideae and to Sophoreae. The remaining of primitive Genisteae is represented by such genera as Laburnum, Cytisophyllum, Hesperolaburnum, Podocytisus, Petteria. The main lines of diversification of the tribe are: Cytisus (incl. Chamaecytisus, Sarothamnus, Corothamnus)—Lembotropis-Calicotome, and Genista (incl. Teline, Chamaespartium)—Ulex. Adenocarpus, Argyrolonium, and Lupinus are part of this tribe, but belong to independent lines of diversification. A number of xeromorphic genera of the mediterranean area (Spartium; Ecbinospartum; Cytisanthus-Retama) are serologically related to the «primitive» genera more than to other groups.
TL;DR: A karyological analysis of the so-called primitive genera of Genisteae has shown that they have a relatively homogeneous chromosome complement: all species tend to have a somatic chromosome number 2n = 48, which can increase to 2n-= 52, presumably as a result of hyperaneuploidy.