Abstract: In today's Global Positioning System (GPS) dependent world, some have the notion that navigation is simply and almost solely accomplished through the use of GPS. While GPS is and will continue to be an excellent navigation system, it is neither flawless nor is it the only system employed in the navigation of today's seagoing war fighters. The modern war fighter must operate with dominant maneuverability, precision engagement capability, full dimensional protection and focused logistics. In order to meet these requirements an integration of independent, self-contained, self-initiated and externally referenced systems must be realized. The Navigation Sensor System Interface (NAVSSI) AN/SSN-6 (V) is a system that provides this capability through the real time collection, processing and distribution of accurate and reliable positioning, navigation and timing (PNT) data from varied shipboard sensors and systems. NAVSSI adds to this an electronic navigation capability that provides the ship navigation team with route planning, route monitoring and safety of navigation capabilities. The NAVSSI system is actually an integration of subsystems. The realtime subsystem (RTS) which collects, processes and distributes the PNT data uses a set of navigation source integration algorithms to blend input data from sensors such as GPS and inertial navigation systems (INS) to produce a highly accurate and robust navigation solution. When required, this solution is referenced to the own ship's reference point (OSRP). The display control subsystem (DCS) provides the operator interface to the RTS. It also contains the electronic charting and navigation capabilities as well as a radar interface and chart product distribution capability. The charting software used is the United States Coast Guard developed Command Display and Control Integrated Navigation System (COMDAC INS). The DCS and COMDAC INS software packages are built on the Defense Information Infrastructure Common Operating Environment (DII COE) and together will enable NAVSSI to lead the way to Electronic Chart Display Information System Navy (ECDIS-N) compliance.

Abstract: The Federal Aviation Administration is leading the National Airspace System modernization effort, in part by supplanting traditional air traffic services with GPS aided by the wide and local area augmentation systems (WAAS & LAAS). Making GPS the sole-means of navigation will enhance safety, flexibility and efficiency of operations for all aircraft ranging from the single engine general aviation aircraft to the complex commercial jet-liners. This transformation of the National Airspace System will be gradual and the build-up to a sole-means GPS capability is expected to occur concurrently with the de-commissioning of a significant number of existing ground-based navigational facilities. Temporary interruptions of GPS services due to intentional or unintentional interference during this transition period could present significant problems for general aviation aircraft. To successfully deal with such outage scenarios, this paper discusses the use of an existing radio-navigation aid, the distance measuring equipment (DME), to provide a redundant navigation system alongside GPS/WAAS during this phase out period. Specifically, a system that fuses a low-end DME receiver with low cost dead-reckoning sensors (inertial, air-data and magnetometers) is shown to provide an affordable area navigation capability for general aviation users. The justification for choosing DME over other ground based navigational aids is discussed. This back-up system allows a reduction of the number of operational radio-navigation aids required while still providing adequate coverage for navigation during the transition to a sole-means GPS National Airspace System.

Abstract: Civil aviation is rapidly moving toward utilization of augmented GPS for its navigation, landing guidance and surveillance functions. However, it is now well recognized that the low level GPS signals are vulnerable to terrorist or military jamming over wide areas on Earth, and some form of backup will be required. The latest FAA plan would utilize existing VOR/DME and ILS facilities and primary/secondary radar for such backup. An examination of the augmentation systems required for the GPS aviation functions and the necessary backup systems, shows that the overall system architecture is inefficient and costly, especially the user airborne equipment. The situation has led to a study of an integrated global system concept that provides all of the CNS/ATM aviation functions (communications, navigation, surveillance and air traffic management) with security, performance and economy. The subsystems and operation of the Integrated Global Surveillance and Guidance System, which we believe to be the next generation CNS/ATM system, is described.

Abstract: The FANS (Future Air Navigation System) committee, under the ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization), is studying utilization of the global navigation satellite system and advising on the development of a GPS precision approach and landing navigation system for improving flight safety around terminal areas.

Abstract: The FAA has initiated a number of significant programs to support the introduction of satellite navigation into the NAS. Likewise the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) is developing standards and recommended practices (SARPS) to support the international introduction of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). These standards define requirements for Differential GPS (DGPS) navigation systems which support various levels of navigation performance and include both wide area and local area augmentations. The proposed industry wide area differential aviation standards have been based on satellite communications and the proposed local area differential standards have been based on more traditional VHF communication techniques. However, industry has begun to consider regional standards, which could provide wide area benefits using VHF communication techniques consistent with existing aircraft navigation equipment. This paper provides background on wide area and local area GPS navigation augmentations and provides examples of ongoing programs, which are consistent with the evolving industry requirements. Finally the paper proposes new alternative architectures which are emerging to provide similar benefits at a significantly lower cost.

Abstract: The basic idea of intelligent transport systems(ITS) is introduced in this paper. GPS/INU/DM integrated navigation location technology and its application in ITS are described. In addition, several technical measures to increase integrated navigation location precision and reliability are presented. This technology combines satellite navigation, inertial navigation with information technologies, and has all direction, 24 hours standby and non shadowed characteristics. The ‘automation’ of transportation management and the ‘intelligence’ of vehicular driving will be realized through using of integrated navigation location technology. Integrated navigation location technology has better practicing value and widely prospect.

Abstract: A new method is proposed for experimental accuracy evaluation of equipment for users of space navigation systems installed on moving vehicles. Examples of GPS-receiver test are provided.

Abstract: This paper describes a prototype of an event-reporting intelligent automobile navigation system. It first discusses the potential applications of an event reporting Intelligent Vehicle Navigation System (IVNS), such as automated toll collection, vehicle monitoring security control, and car safety control. The prototype system, which consists primarily of a satellite navigation system and an event- reporting communication system, is then described. The paper then presents the results of two tests assessing the GPS navigation system and the event-reporting system. It is concluded that the prototype system is successful in performing the required functions.

Abstract: The Air Force Research Laboratory Munitions Directorate (AFRL/MN) is engaged in the development of advanced munition navigation systems. The Navigation Team has a mobile test vehicle (MTV) to accomplish outdoor, low-dynamic testing of developmental navigation systems. Past tests conducted by the MTV required the units under test possess their own navigation system while the MTV provided F-16 data interface emulation via MIL-STD-1553 data bus. A reconfigurable navigation system (RNS) is being developed that accepts data from any inertial measurement unit (IMU), such as micro electromechanical systems (MEMS), and provides the means for navigation evaluation. Implementation of navigation filters will be done with the aid of a user interface while tests of these filters will be done without paying the price of airborne tests. C++ objects for such things as the plant, measurement, and covariance matrices, states, the earth, position, velocity, and transformation matrices are created. This paper discusses the beginning stages of the RNS. It begins with the verification of a strap-down navigator. The timing of the inertial navigation system is explained. Position and velocity accuracy is provided.