Abstract: A satellite navigation process, in particular for an automatic landing process for aircraft, according to the ICAO requirements under the CAT-II or CAT-III terms. The necessary degrees of accuracy are achieved by analytical phase evaluation of the carrier signals of at least seven satellites (GPS and/or GLONASS and/or reference stations).

Abstract: A simplified system for integrating a distance measurement derived from an additional navigation system into an existing aircraft design by creation of a Distance integrator function that makes use of existing Distance Measuring Equipment to couple the additional navigation system into the aircraft's display and navigation systems.

Abstract: The paper is concerned with methods of improving the accuracy, continuity and integrity of airborne navigation systems. The core concept considered is integration, or combination, of navigation sensor data. The principles of integrated navigation and optimal estimation theory are discussed. The complexity of navigation system requirements is described, and a comprehensive system design approach is presented. The paper concludes by looking at specific issues which arise in testing integrated navigation systems. The paper is biased towards military vehicle navigation. However the potential for application in commercial vehicles is evident. (17 pages)

Abstract: Enhanced surveillance, communications and navigation are the primary functions needed for an advanced air traffic management (ATM). To provide ATM globally, including areas not covered by terrestrial systems, the advantages of satellite technology must be exploited. In a previous work, a novel architecture based on low-elevation elevation orbit satellites was described and evaluated. The satellite constellation is designed to supply the surveillance and data link capabilities equivalent to an advanced secondary surveillance radar mode S, as well as to provide satellite communication and navigation functions. Such a co-operative independent surveillance integrating navigation and communication (CISINC) is fully compliant with the communication, navigation and surveillance/air traffic management concept endorsed by the ICAO in 1991. The space-based implementation of CISINC is called ATM-Star. The paper treats the navigation component of ATM-Star called GNSS-LEO, which is compatible with today's GPS receivers and aims to be a solution for the global navigation satellite system phase 2.

Abstract: The goal of NASA's Terminal Area Productivity (TAP) Low-Visibility Landing and Surface Operations (LVLASO) subelement is to improve the efficiency of airport surface operations for commercial aircraft operating in weather conditions to Category IIIB while maintaining a high degree of safety. Currently, surface operations are one of the least technologically sophisticated components of the air transport system, being conducted in the 1990's with the same basic technology as in the 1930's. Pilots are given little or no explicit information about their current position, and routing information is limited to ATC communications and airport charts. In TAP/LVLASO, advanced technologies such as satellite navigation systems, digital data communications, advanced information presentation technology, and ground surveillance systems will be integrated into flight deck displays to enable expeditious and safe traffic movement on the airport surface. The cockpit display suite is called the T-NASA (Taxiway Navigation and Situation Awareness) System. This system has three integrated components: 1) Moving Map track-up airport surface display with own-ship, traffic and graphical route guidance 2) Scene-Linked Symbology - route/taxi information virtually projected via a Head-up Display (HUD) onto the forward scene; and, 3) 3-D Audio Ground Collision Avoidance and Navigation system - spatially-localized auditory traffic and navigation alerts. In the current paper, the design philosophy of the T-NASA system will be presented, and the T-NASA system display components described.

Abstract: This paper describes the design of a high integrity navigation system for use in large autonomous mobile vehicles. A frequency domain model of sensor contributions to navigation system performance is used to study the performance of a conventional navigation loop. On the basis of this, a new navigation system structure is introduced which is capable of detecting faults in any combination of navigation sensors. An example implementation of these principles is described which employs a twin GPS/IMU MMW radar/encoder navigation loop.

Abstract: General aviation (GA) aircraft have often been involved in accidents caused by excessive pilot workload in the terminal phases of flight, particularly in instrument meteorological conditions (IMC). A special contributory factor is often the need to land at some diversionary airfield with which the pilot is unfamiliar. In such a situation, a pilot needs to consult the appropriate approach and landing procedures. The increased workload inevitably caused by the careful study of unfamiliar terminal navigation charts whilst flying towards an unfamiliar airfield can lead to a deterioration in the pilot's performance. This paper deals with the design of an airborne terminal navigation aid suitable for GA aircraft. It represents a new approach to cockpit presentation of terminal area plates. The system presents the appropriately selected terminal navigation plate, with the aircraft's position being continuously displayed. This represents a new and efficient method for consulting terminal navigation charts which contributes to a significant reduction of workload for pilots flying under instrument flight rules (IFR) by relieving them from the pressure of having to struggle to find the required plates among the large number they at present carry, while at the same time having to perform other safety critical tasks of monitoring and control. The design of the proposed terminal navigation charts display system is described, together with a proposed implementation for a typical GA cockpit.