Abstract: A method and apparatus (10) for providing navigation guidance via a land vehicle by providing a navigation route planner (24) having a road network database (12) for planning a navigation route along the road network, determining a current estimated position of the land vehicle, communicating maneuver instructions to a driver of the land vehicle at a predetermined maneuver distance base value before the land vehicle reaches a required maneuver along the planned navigation route, and detecting and quantifying current environmental travel conditions for assisting a navigation device in guiding the land vehicle along the planned navigation route.

Abstract: The APALS TM system is a precision approach and landing system designed to enable low visibility landings at many more airports than is now possible. It is an autonomous navigation system which uses standard avionics equipment to determine the aircraft position and altitude with respect to unique features over which the aircraft flies. The primary measurement is made with the aircraft's weather radar and provides the range and range rate information necessary to update the precision navigation system. The system makes use of stored terrain map data as references for map matching with Synthetic Aperture Radar maps.

Abstract: State-of-the-art avionics achieves very good reliability, and the electronics in the current generation of communication and navigation satellites is sufficiently good to allow a design-life of around 10 years. Nevertheless, failures will arise. The purpose of failure analysis is to identify the consequences if a particular module does encounter a failure, and to ensure that, by system redundancy or through operational procedures, the effect and/or its probability of occurrence will be acceptably safe. This paper is a contribution to the discussion on the strength and weakness of redundancy in satellite-based Communication, Navigation and Surveillance (CNS) systems as envisaged by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) to be an integral part of the future air navigation system. This particular paper makes a comparison with today's terrestrial-based systems

Abstract: The invention concerns a satellite navigation process, in particular for an automatic landing process for aircraft, according to the ICAO requirements under the CAT-II or CAT-III terms. The necessary degrees of accuracy are achieved by analytical phase evaluation of the carrier signals of at least seven satellites (GPS and/or GLONASS and/or reference stations).

Abstract: The Integrated Global Positioning System (GPS)/Inertial Navigation System (INS) is a cost effective way of providing an accurate and reliable navigation system for civil and military aviation. These systems also provide low cost solutions to mid-course navigation and guidance of medium and long range weapon systems. In this paper an error model is developed which can be used for GPS/INS filter mechanization. It is known that the model has a linear and a non-linear part. The latter consist of a quadratic function of system states and may be approximated by a noise term thereby allowing the use of the well known Kalman Filter (KF) design technique. KF algorithm suitable for this application is also developed, and computer simulation results for a typical aerospace application are given.

Abstract: CCC 1080-5370/95/010011-02 GPS aviation receivers now provide integrity by means of an internal process called receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (RAIM). RAIM requires that up to six GPS satellites be tracked simultaneously, in order to validate the navigation solution. Because only four satellites are needed for a basic position fix, the overall availability of GPS with RAIM is reduced. A sole-means or primary navigation system must have a nonprecision approach* availability of better than 99.999% at a specified level of integrity and accuracy. Increasing use of GPS in civil aviation has confirmed that it meets or exceeds positioning performance expectations. However, is also is clear that

Abstract: Much effort has been invested in examining integrated instrumentation for advanced aircraft cockpits, but little comparable effort has been directed toward the greatest number of aircraft presently flying - those in the general aviation environment. This study examined the benefits of a simple and widely available integrated instrument, the horizontal situation indicator (HSI), in the performance of simple navigation and orientation tasks by private pilots. Tested in the context of the multiple-processor Basic General Aviation Research Simulator (BGARS), pilots exhibited significantly fewer navigational reversals and orientational errors when using the HSI (in comparison with their performances when using the traditional VOR and Directional Gyro combination). These results were consistent with but even more definitive than an earlier sample of instructor pilots. Similar benefits in procedural error reduction were also found when instrument index markers, or “bugs,” were used as short-term memory aids.

Abstract: This paper presents the application of a relatively new concept, Required Navigation Performance (RNP), as a method to determine requirements for aircraft surface movement guidance and control. Currently, navigation standards do not exist for low visibility aircraft operations on runway and taxiway surfaces. Whereas there are enabling technologies under evaluation for aircraft guidance and Air Traffic Control surveillance on the airport surface, there are no performance requirements available to judge the suitability of specific systems. A top-down process is applied, starting with a target level of safety for each surface operation. RNP requirements are allocated to ground and airborne equipment and an approach is presented to validate the RMP allocations using a Functional Hazard Assessment (FHA).