TL;DR: The nervous system seems to combine visual and haptic information in a fashion that is similar to a maximum-likelihood integrator, and this model behaved very similarly to humans in a visual–haptic task.
Abstract: When a person looks at an object while exploring it with their hand, vision and touch both provide information for estimating the properties of the object. Vision frequently dominates the integrated visual-haptic percept, for example when judging size, shape or position, but in some circumstances the percept is clearly affected by haptics. Here we propose that a general principle, which minimizes variance in the final estimate, determines the degree to which vision or haptics dominates. This principle is realized by using maximum-likelihood estimation to combine the inputs. To investigate cue combination quantitatively, we first measured the variances associated with visual and haptic estimation of height. We then used these measurements to construct a maximum-likelihood integrator. This model behaved very similarly to humans in a visual-haptic task. Thus, the nervous system seems to combine visual and haptic information in a fashion that is similar to a maximum-likelihood integrator. Visual dominance occurs when the variance associated with visual estimation is lower than that associated with haptic estimation.
TL;DR: It is shown that, depending on the type of information, different combination and integration strategies are used and that prior knowledge is often required for interpreting the sensory signals.
TL;DR: It is proposed that explicit vision advances in reverse hierarchical direction, as shown for perceptual learning, and feature search "pop-out" is attributed to high areas, where large receptive fields underlie spread attention detecting categorical differences.
TL;DR: In this article, a study of 42,934 correlations published in 581 articles revealed general evidence that self-report methods have produced percept-percept inflation in micro-research on organizations and suggested that this effect is diminished when 1 or both covariates are demographic variables.
Abstract: Analysis of 42,934 correlations published in 581 articles not only revealed general evidence that self-report methods have produced percept-percept inflation in microresearch on organizations but also suggested that this effect is diminished when 1 or both covariates are demographic variables. Further analysis of a subsample of 11,710 correlations indicated that percept-percept inflation has influenced research on particular bivariate relationships but has not had the broad, comprehensive effects envisioned by critics. These findings challenge the validity of general condemnations of self-report methods, suggesting instead that domain-specific investigations are required to determine which areas of research are especially susceptible to percept-percept effects
TL;DR: Patterns of anatomical connections in the visual cortex form the structural basis for segregating features of the visual image into separate cortical areas and for communication between these areas at all levels to produce a coherent percept.
Abstract: Patterns of anatomical connections in the visual cortex form the structural basis for segregating features of the visual image into separate cortical areas and for communication between these areas at all levels to produce a coherent percept. Such multi-stage integration may be a common strategy throughout the cortex for producing complex behaviour.