TL;DR: Immonium ions generated via HCD pinpoint modifications such as phosphotyrosine with very high confidence are generated via higher-energy C-trap dissociation (HCD) and this work shows that an added octopole collision cell facilitates de novo sequencing.
Abstract: Peptide sequencing is the basis of mass spectrometry–driven proteomics. Here we show that in the linear ion trap–orbitrap mass spectrometer (LTQ Orbitrap) peptide ions can be efficiently fragmented by high-accuracy and full-mass-range tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) via higher-energy C-trap dissociation (HCD). Immonium ions generated via HCD pinpoint modifications such as phosphotyrosine with very high confidence. Additionally we show that an added octopole collision cell facilitates de novo sequencing.
TL;DR: This guide will help triage candidate methods for peptide alteration and will serve as a starting point for those seeking to solve long-standing challenges.
Abstract: Advances in bioconjugation and native protein modification are appearing at a blistering pace, making it increasingly time consuming for practitioners to identify the best chemical method for modifying a specific amino acid residue in a complex setting. The purpose of this perspective is to provide an informative, graphically rich manual highlighting significant advances in the field over the past decade. This guide will help triage candidate methods for peptide alteration and will serve as a starting point for those seeking to solve long-standing challenges.
TL;DR: The facile ability to form discrete cell-containing layers validates the application of this novel printing technique to form complex, layered and viable 3D cell structures that offer the opportunity to reproduce more accurate 3D in vitro microstructures with applications ranging from cell behavior studies to improving the understanding of brain injuries and neurodegenerative diseases.
TL;DR: It was found the existence of mucus was propitious to the transport of insulin from both modified and unmodified nanoparticles, and CSK peptide modified TMC nanoparticles showed sufficient effectiveness as goblet cell-targeting nanocarriers for oral delivery of insulin.