TL;DR: Variation in the polyploid suggests at least three separate origins of P. borealis, suggesting that they are the parents of the allopolyploid.
Abstract: Isozyme markers were used to investigate the origin of the polyploid liverwort, Pellia borealis (gametophytic n=18), which was believed to represent an autopolyploid form of Pellia epiphylla (n=9). Enzyme variation was studied in four taxa: polyploid P. borealis, two recently discovered sibling species of P. epiphylla complex, and the closely related P. neesiana (n=9). Gametophytes of the polyploid showed a complex electrophoretic phenotype for three diagnostic enzymes (DIA1, MPI1 and ACO) in contrast to simple pattern in all haploid taxa. It was postulated that the pattern found in the polyploid represents a ‘fixed heterozygous’ phenotype resulting from allopolyploidy. Alleles present in the polyploid were found (with only one exception) in the two sibling species of the P. epiphylla complex, suggesting that they are the parents of the allopolyploid. Pellia neesiana was excluded as a donor of either of the genomes. Variation in the polyploid suggests at least three separate origins of P. borealis.
TL;DR: These are the first data on organellar transmission in liverworts, the earliest land plants, and show that the intron sequences of some organellar genes could be very good markers in studying taxonomic relationships in closely related species and reconstructing historical events.
Abstract: Liverwort Pellia borealis is an allopolyploid species that originated after the hybridization and chromosome doubling of two cryptic species; Pellia epiphylla species N and Pellia epiphylla species S. A sequence comparison of chloroplast tRNAUCCGly, tRNAUUULys gene introns, the mitochondrial tRNAGCUSer gene intron, and the first intron of the coxIII gene in the case of three liverwort species studied revealed that the chloroplast and mitochondrial sequences are identical in P. borealis and P. epiphylla species N but different from homologous P. epiphylla species S sequences. Both mitochondria and chloroplasts of P. borealis were thus inherited from one parent—P. epiphylla species N. Studies on 14 different populations of P. borealis gave the same result. These are the first data on organellar transmission in liverworts, the earliest land plants. Moreover, we show that the intron sequences of some organellar genes, until now not used in any systematic studies, could be very good markers in studying taxonomic relationships in closely related species and reconstructing historical events.
TL;DR: In this article, the taxonomic and phylogenetic relationships in the genus Pellia were examined using intergenic spacer sequences between nuclear tRNA Leu genes organized in tandem arrays.
TL;DR: Application of 5 microliters per liter ethylene inhibits auxin-stimulated elongation growth of this tissue, a result which suggests that both endogenously produced compounds act in tandem as natural growth modulators.
Abstract: The occurrence of endogenous indole-3-acetic acid and ethylene in bryophyte tissue was tentatively demonstrated using gas chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography, and double-standard isotope dilution techniques. Rapidly elongating stalks (or setae) of Pellia epiphylla (L.) Corda sporophytes contain approximately 2.5 to 2.9 micrograms per gram fresh weight of putative free IAA. Ethylene released by setae increases during growth from 0.027 to 0.035 nanoliter per seta per hour. Application of 5 microliters per liter ethylene inhibits auxin-stimulated elongation growth of this tissue, a result which suggests that both endogenously produced compounds act in tandem as natural growth modulators.
TL;DR: Application of a Giemsa C-banding technique to the three British species of Pellia indicates that the original description of heterochromatin was largely if not entirely based on constitutive rather than facultative heterochrome, and has considerable potential in defining liverwort karyotypes more precisely than has hitherto been possible.
Abstract: Application of a Giemsa C-banding technique to the three British species of Pellia indicates that the original description of heterochromatin was largely if not entirely based on constitutive rather than facultative heterochromatin. The technique is shown to have considerable potential in defining liverwort karyotypes more precisely than has hitherto been· possible and to assist in the cytological comparison of species. In this respect, the similarity between specimens of P. epiphylla and P. neesiana appears to be greater than the resemblance of either of these species to P. endiviifolia. Chromosome inversion is reported for the first time in bryophytes, in P. neesiana, but there is strong evidence to suggest that structural rearrangement, though not necessarily inversion, has also occurred elsewhere in--this genus.Unequal, almost totally euchromatic sex-specific chromosomes are described for a specimen of British Riccardia pinguis. Similarities between the Giemsa C-band patterns of this species ...