TL;DR: From the results, n-HA/PECE hydrogel is believed to be promising for injectable orthopedic tissue engineering due to its good thermosensitivity and injectability.
Abstract: In this study, we synthesized a biodegradable triblock copolymer poly(ethylene glycol)−poly(e-caprolactone)−poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG−PCL−PEG, PECE) by ring-opening copolymerization, and nanohydroxyapatite (n-HA) powder was prepared by a hydrothermal precipitation method. The obtained n-HA was incorporated into the PECE matrix to prepare injectable thermosensitive hydrogel nanocomposites. 1H NMR, FT-IR, XRD, DSC, and TEM were used to investigate the properties of PECE copolymer and n-HA/PECE nanocomposites. The rheological measurements for n-HA/PECE nanocomposites revealed that the gelation temperature was approximately 36 °C. The sol−gel−sol transition behavior and phase transition diagrams were recorded through a test tube inverting method. The results showed that n-HA/PECE nanocomposites still had thermoresponsivity like that of PECE thermosensitive hydrogel. The morphology of the nanocomposites was observed by SEM; the results showed that the nanocomposites had a 3D network structure. In addition, th...
TL;DR: It is concluded that PecA and PecE form a weak complex that is stabilized by PCB, that the first reaction step involves a conformational change and/or protonation of PCB, and that PECE has a chaperone-like function on the chromoprotein.
TL;DR: The health care system is the only sphere traditionally dominated by the state that went through radical reform after the political changes at the end of 1989 as mentioned in this paper, and it is possible to conclude that this fact is explicable by the strong support and active co-operation of health care providers in the preparation and realization of the health care reform.
Abstract: System zdravotni pece je jedinou statem tradicně dominovanou sferou, ktera prosla po politických změnach na konci roku 1989 radikalni reformou. Nový system zdravotni pece je silně orientovan směrem k zajisťovani zdravotni pece prostřednictvim instituci, ktere jsou v soukromem vlastnictvi. Tento system usiluje o vyvolani pocitu osobni zodpovědnosti obyvatel za jejich zdravotni stav. Tuto skutecnost lze vysvětlit silnou zainteresovanosti provozovatelů zdravotni pece v obdobi připravy i realizace reformy. Nový system trpi typickým neduhem modernich zdravotnich systemů -nekontrolovatelným růstem nakladů. K růstu nakladů přispěla reforma zejmena vyvolanim dalsich administrativnich nakladů v průběhu budovani systemu zdravotnich pojisťoven, technickými chybami v systemu regulace cen a zavedenim cisteho systemu plateb provozovatelům za vykonane služby v kombinaci s amatersky sestaveným ciselnikem výkonů. Nicmeně nový system je kompatibilni s tržni orientaci celeho noveho ekonomickeho systemu, nenarusil kvalitu ani přistupnost poskytovane zdravotni pece. Lze předpokladat, že se dalsi vývoj zdravotniho systemu bude ubirat cestou, na kterou nastoupil v uplynulých 3 letech. Bude se soustředit na vylepseni struktury zdravotniho pojistěni a cenove regulace a o zavedeni uprav a doplněni systemu plateb za výkony tak, aby byli ucastnici systemu nuceni snižovat, respektive nezvysovat naklady. Abstract The health care system is the only sphere traditionally dominated by the state that went through radical reform after the political changes at the end of 1989. The new health care system is strongly orientated towards the private provision of health care and is striving to introduce a sense of personal responsibility in individuals for the status of their health. It is possible to conclude that this fact is explicable by the strong support and active co-operation of health care providers in the preparation and realization of health care reform.The health care system is the only sphere traditionally dominated by the state that went through radical reform after the political changes at the end of 1989. The new health care system is strongly orientated towards the private provision of health care and is striving to introduce a sense of personal responsibility in individuals for the status of their health. It is possible to conclude that this fact is explicable by the strong support and active co-operation of health care providers in the preparation and realization of health care reform. The new system suffers from the common problem of all health care systems the difficulty of controlling increases in costs. The reform of the health care system contributed to cost increases by imposing an additional administrative cost for the creation of a system of health insurance companies, by technical mistakes in the system of price regulation, and by introducing a pure fee-for-service reimbursement system in combination with an amateur feefor-service Price List. Nevertheless the new system is compatible with the new market orientation of the whole economy and did not distort the accessibility or quality of health care. In future, the Czech health care system will most likely follow the path on which it has embarked during the last three years. It will concentrate on improvements in the structure of health insurance and price regulation, and on introducing cost-combating modifications of the fee-for-service system.
TL;DR: In this article, Nguyen et al. introduce a new typy rodinných vazeb a umožňuje aktivni¯¯¯¯(rozuměj: každodenni) zapojeni žen do mezigeneracnich vztahů.
Abstract: Vietnamsti rodice v Ceske republice casto hledaji ceske ženy na
hlidani svých děti. Na jejich poptavku po placene peci o děti
odpovida specificka skupina žen, a sice ženy zavisle na
socialnim statu – na rodicovske dovolene, ženy nezaměstnane a
ženy v důchodu. V teto stati vychazim z hloubkových rozhovorů
uskutecněných s ceskými chůvami vietnamských děti, ktere zacaly
tuto praci vykonavat zahy po odchodu do důchodu. Analýza těchto
rozhovorů odhaluje emicke chapani pece o děti a jeji role v
kontextu biografii žen. V textu ukazuji, že pece o děti je
stěžejni aktivitou samotneho přechodu z participace na trhu
prace k důchodu ulehcujici ženam navyknout si na novou
biografickou zkusenost. Zaroveň se zaměřuji na to, jak se pece
o děti stava stěžejni pro identitni praci (identity work).
Placena pece o děti formuje chapani genderových subjektivit
mých informatorek, a to na dvou rovinach. Na te prvni poskytuje
ženam prostor pro „dělani genderu“; skrze peci o zavisle ditě
ženy definuji sve ženstvi. Druhou urovni je pak kontext
rodinný, přibuzenský, kdy každodenni kontakt mezi chůvou a
ditětem vede ke zpřibuzenstěni. Z chůvy se stava babicka (v
mnohem suplujici prarodice žijici ve Vietnamu) a z děti se
stavaji vnoucata (existujici vedle děti chůviných děti, ktere
jsou již odrostle ci v meně intenzivnim kontaktu s babickami).
Pece tak formuje nove typy rodinných vazeb a umožňuje aktivni
(rozuměj: každodenni) zapojeni žen do mezigeneracnich vztahů.