Abstract: Image interpolation is a very important branch in image processing. It is widely used in imaging world, for example, image interpolation is often used in 3-D medical image to compensate for information insufficiency during image reconstruction by simulating additional images between two-dimensional images. Reversible data hiding has become significant branch in information hiding field. Reversibility allows the original media to be completely restored without any degradation after the embedded messages have been extracted. This study proposes a high-capacity image hiding scheme by exploiting an interpolating method called Interpolation by Neighboring Pixels (INP) on Maximum Difference Values to improve the performance of data hiding scheme proposed by Jung and Yoo. The proposed scheme offers the benefits of high embedding capacity with low computational complexity and good image quality. The experimental results showed that the proposed scheme has good performance for payload up to 2.28 bpp. Moreover, the INP yields higher PSNRs than other interpolating methods such as NMI, NNI and BI.

Abstract: Image steganography has received a lot of attention during the last decade due to the lowering of the cost of storage media, which has allowed for wide use of a large number of images. We present a novel technique for image steganography which belongs to techniques taking advantage of sharp areas in images in order to hide a large amount of data. Specifically, the technique is based on the edges present in an image. A hybrid edge detector is used for this purpose. Moreover, a high payload technique for color images is exploited. These two techniques are combined in order to produce a new steganographic algorithm. Experimental results show that the new method achieves a higher peak signal to noise ratio for the same number of bits per pixel of embedded image.

Abstract: The described embodiments include a system for communicating between electronic devices. During operation, a receiving electronic device receives a data channel protocol data unit (PDU) in a link layer of a Bluetooth Low Energy (BTLE) protocol stack. The receiving electronic device then reads a field in a header of the data channel PDU to determine if the header indicates that a payload of the data channel PDU contains audio data. When the header indicates that the payload of the data channel PDU contains audio data, the receiving electronic device is configured to send the audio data from the payload to an audio layer in the BTLE protocol stack for processing.

Abstract: Analyzing cryptographic implementations has important applications, especially for malware analysis where they are an integral part both of the malware payload and the unpacking code that decrypts this payload. These implementations are often based on well-known cryptographic functions, whose description is publicly available. While potentially very useful for malware analysis, the identification of such cryptographic primitives is made difficult by the fact that they are usually obfuscated. Current state-of-the-art identification tools are ineffective due to the absence of easily identifiable static features in obfuscated code. However, these implementations still maintain the input-output (I/O) relationship of the original function. In this paper, we present a tool that leverages this fact to identify cryptographic functions in obfuscated programs, by retrieving their I/O parameters in an implementation-independent fashion, and comparing them with those of known cryptographic functions. In experimental evaluation, we successfully identified the cryptographic functions TEA, RC4, AES and MD5 both in synthetic examples protected by a commercial-grade packer (AsProtect), and in several obfuscated malware samples (Sality, Waledac, Storm Worm and SilentBanker). In addition, our tool was able to recognize basic operations done in asymmetric ciphers such as RSA.

Abstract: Image steganography is a method of concealing information into a cover image to hide it. Least Significant-Bit (LSB) based approach is most popular steganographic techniques in spatial domain due to its simplicity and hiding capacity. This paper presents a novel technique for Image steganography based on LSB using X-box mapping where we have used several X-boxes having unique data. The embedding part is done by this Steganography algorithm where we use four unique X-boxes with sixteen different values (represented by 4-bits) and each value is mapped to the four LSBs of the cover image. This mapping provides sufficient security to the payload because without knowing the mapping rules no one can extract the secret data (payload).

Abstract: Systems and methods for utilizing unused space in expensive message based communication to embed messages from a sender device to a receiver device to maximize payload usage over a potentially fee-based messaging service. One or more machine-to-machine messages may be embedded in unutilized transport space when other communications, that may potentially be delivered over a fee-based network, are initiated at a device. The machine-to-machine message and other communications may be extracted from a combined message package at a receiving device and processed as if they were independently transported. Machine-to-machine messages may be segmented and embedded across multiple unrelated communication packages and later reassembled.

Abstract: A sliding mode control design methodology is applied to solve the position tracking problem of an uncertain very lightweight single-link flexible robot arm. Throughout this work we seek a control scheme robust with regards to payload and actuator friction changes, without the establishment of any bounding limits on these parameter variations. Based on the decomposition of the robot dynamics into the motor and flexible link submodels, two nested control loops are proposed, each one of these controlled by an independent sliding mode controller. By carrying on this model decomposition, both motor friction and payload changes become matched uncertainties in their respective models, allowing for their effective rejection using these sliding controllers. Simulations and experimental results are shown to demonstrate the performance of the control system proposed.

Abstract: The dispatching properties of power packets in indoor power line channel were investigated. A power packet is physically composed of a power payload and information signals. For evaluation, the arrival power ratio and the bit error rate were calculated by numerical simulation. The results are important for the development and design of power packet transfer, based on the transmission frequency and bit energy parameters.

Abstract: A method of transmitting and receiving a control channel in a wireless communication system is provided. A base station allocates a data channel to a radio resource, adds start position information of the data channel into a payload of a control channel, and performs signaling for indication information on the start position information added into the payload of the control channel to a terminal. Accordingly, the legacy system and the enhanced system can efficiently transmit a control channel.

Abstract: A method and a network node for supporting a connection between a User Equipment (UE) and a Machine Type Communication-interworking function (MTC-IWF) are discussed The method according to an embodiment includes receiving, by the network node from the MTC-IWF, a mobile terminated (MT) message including a triggering payload by using a specific reference point; forwarding, by the network node to the UE, the trigger payload, if the trigger payload contains an application identifier which allows the network node and which distinguishes the MT message carrying device triggering information from any other type of MT message; and receiving a response message, which corresponds to the trigger payload, for initiating communication with the server, if the application identifier which allows the UE distinguishes the MT message carrying device triggering information from any other type of MT message

Abstract: This paper presents a low distortion data embedding method using pixel-value differencing and base decomposition schemes. The pixel-value differencing scheme offers the advantage of conveying a large amount of payload, while still maintaining the consistency of an image characteristic after data embedding. We introduce the base decomposition scheme, which defines a base pair for each degree in order to construct a two-base notational system. This scheme provides the advantage of significantly reducing pixel variation encountered due to secret data embedding. We analyze the pixel variation and the expected mean square error caused by concealing with secret messages. The mathematical analysis shows that our scheme produces much smaller maximal pixel variations and expected mean square error while producing a higher PSNR. We evaluate the performance of our method using 6 categories of metrics which allow us to compare with seven other state-of-the-art algorithms. Experimental statistics verify that our algorithm outperforms existing counterparts in terms of lower image distortion and higher image quality. Finally, our scheme can survive from the RS steganalysis attack and the steganalytic histogram attack of pixel-value difference. We conclude that our proposed method is capable of embedding large amounts of a message, yet still produces the embedded image with very low distortion. To the best of our knowledge, in comparison with the current seven state-of-the-art data embedding algorithms, our scheme produces the lowest image distortion while embedding the same or slightly larger quantities of messages.

Abstract: A method for managing quality of service (QoS) consists of receiving a packet and identifying at least one application level characteristic of the packet. The method for managing QoS further consists of modifying quality of service parameters of the packet based on the application level characteristic and sending the packet to a destination with modified quality of service parameters. A system for managing QoS includes modules such as a bearer module adapted to review and retrieve data from a packet and a payload packet inspector module adapted to identify at least one application level characteristic of the packet. The system for managing QoS further has a policy enforcement module designed to modify quality of service parameters of the packet based in part on the retrieved data and the at least one application level characteristic.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure describe techniques and configurations for transmitting small data payloads in a wireless communication network. An apparatus may include non-access stratum (NAS) circuitry configured to receive a trigger to send a data payload to a wireless communication network, the data payload having a size that is less than a preconfigured threshold, and generate a NAS message including the data payload and access stratum (AS) circuitry coupled with the NAS circuitry and configured to transmit the NAS message including the data payload to a node comprising a Mobility Management Entity (MME) or a Serving GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) Support Node (SGSN). Other embodiments may be described and/or claimed.

Abstract: A novel increased coupling-based nonlinear control strategy is proposed for underactuated overhead crane systems, which guarantees both fast trolley positioning and sufficient payload swing elimination performance. The developed controller is applicable to both regulation control and trajectory tracking control. To artificially increase the trolley-translation/payload-swing internal coupling, a payload position-like composite variable is introduced and a corresponding elegant error signal is then constructed, based on which a novel control law is designed to transform the overhead crane system into an interconnected system consisting of two subsystems with respect to (w.r.t.) the constructed error signal and the payload swing angle, respectively. Both subsystems are proven to be input-to-state stable (ISS); by invoking the small gain theorem, we show that the overall interconnected system is also ISS. LaSalle’s invariance theorem further proves that the system states asymptotically converge to the desired equilibrium point. Experimental results are included to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method and also its superior control performance over some existing schemes.

Abstract: A method, system and device are provided for avoiding in-device coexistence interference between different radio technologies by allocating random access channel preambles to include one or more dedicated access preambles to be sued for sending IDC interference indication messages over a random access channel (RACH) to a radio access network. In response, the radio network provides control parameters and/or instructions for avoiding interference in a random access response message corresponding to the IDC interference indication message using one or more fields in the MAC subheader and payload fields of a designated IDC MAC PDU message.

Abstract: A method, including storing a test payload to a persistent state of an application and performing a static analysis to identify a first code location in the application that retrieves the test payload, to identify a first path from an entry point to the first code location, and to identify a second path from the first code location to a second code location that executes a security sensitive operation using the retrieved data. A dynamic analysis is then performed to retrieve the test payload via the first path, and to convey the test payload to the second code location via the second path.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices to enable compressed media access control headers and frame check sequences for wireless local area network (WLAN) systems are described herein. In one aspect, the header information in data packets sent between devices is compressed so as to reduce the amount of overhead required to transmit payload data in a data packet.

Abstract: In most spacecraft, there is a need to know the craft’s angular rate. Approaches with least squares and an adaptive Kalman filter are proposed for estimating the angular rate directly from the star tracker measurements. In these approaches, only knowledge of the vector measurements and sampling interval is required. The designed adaptive Kalman filter can filter out noise without information of the dynamic model and inertia dyadic. To verify the proposed estimation approaches, simulations based on the orbit data of the challenging minisatellite payload (CHAMP) satellite and experimental tests with night-sky observation are performed. Both the simulations and experimental testing results have demonstrated that the proposed approach performs well in terms of accuracy, robustness, and performance.