Showing papers on "Patchoulol published in 2019"
TL;DR: The work significantly promoted the industrialization process of patchoulol production using bio-based microbial platforms and glucose was used to balance the trade-off between the competitive squalene andPatchoulol pathways.
Abstract: Patchoulol, a natural sesquiterpene compound, is widely used in perfumes and cosmetics Several strategies were adopted to enhance patchoulol production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: (i) farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) synthase and patchoulol synthase were fused to increase the utilization of FPP precursor; (ii) expression of the limiting genes of the mevalonate pathway was enhanced; (iii) squalene synthase was weakened by a glucose-inducible promoter of HXT1 (promoter for hexose transporter) to reduce metabolic flux from FPP to ergosterol; and (iv) farnesol biosynthesis was inhibited to decrease the consumption of FPP Glucose was used to balance the trade-off between the competitive squalene and patchoulol pathways The patchoulol production was 592 ± 07 mg/L in a shaken flask with a final production of 4668 ± 123 mg/L (205 ± 05 mg/g dry cell weight) combined with fermentation optimization, which was 78-fold higher than the reported maximum production The work significantly promoted the industrialization process of patchoulol production using biobased microbial platforms
50 citations
TL;DR: The vast majority of genes related to the patchouli biosynthesis were up-regulated after MeJA treatment, indicating that MeJA led to an increasing synthesis of patchoulol through activating the expression level of genes involved in biosynthesis pathway of patchoulsol.
Abstract: Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. (Patchouli) is an important aromatic and medicinal plant and widely used in traditional Chinese medicine as well as in the perfume industry. Patchoulol is the primary bioactive component in P. cablin, its biosynthesis has attracted widespread interests. Previous studies have surveyed the putative genes involved in patchoulol biosynthesis using next-generation sequencing method; however, technical limitations generated by short-read sequencing restrict the yield of full-length genes. Additionally, little is known about the expression pattern of genes especially patchoulol biosynthesis related genes in response to methyl jasmonate (MeJA). Our understanding of patchoulol biosynthetic pathway still remained largely incomplete to date. In this study, we analyzed the morphological character and volatile chemical compounds of P. cablin cv. ‘Zhanxiang’, and 39 volatile chemical components were detected in the patchouli leaf using GC-MS, most of which were sesquiterpenes. Furthermore, high-quality RNA isolated from leaves and stems of P. cablin were used to generate the first full-length transcriptome of P. cablin using PacBio isoform sequencing (Iso-Seq). In total, 9.7 Gb clean data and 82,335 full-length UniTransModels were captured. 102 transcripts were annotated as 16 encoding enzymes involved in patchouli alcohol biosynthesis. Accorded with the uptrend of patchoulol content, the vast majority of genes related to the patchoulol biosynthesis were up-regulated after MeJA treatment, indicating that MeJA led to an increasing synthesis of patchoulol through activating the expression level of genes involved in biosynthesis pathway of patchoulol. Moreover, expression pattern analysis also revealed that transcription factors participated in JA regulation of patchoulol biosynthesis were differentially expressed. The current study comprehensively reported the morphological specificity, volatile chemical compositions and transcriptome characterization of the Chinese-cultivated P. cablin cv. ‘Zhanxiang’, these results contribute to our better understanding of the physiological and molecular features of patchouli, especially the molecular mechanism of biosynthesis of patchoulol. Our full-length transcriptome data also provides a valuable genetic resource for further studies in patchouli.
49 citations
TL;DR: Results of bioassays indicated that the essential oil and patchoulol had great contact toxicity against three species of insects and the promising potential of P. cablin to control insect pests during storage.
Abstract: The essential oil was obtained from the aerial parts of Pogostemon cablin by hydrodistillation. The chemical compounds of P. cablin essential oil were analyzed by gas chromatography-flame ionizatio...
30 citations
TL;DR: This is the first report of integrated analysis of P. cablin MVA and MEP pathway related genes, providing a better understanding of terpenoid and/or patchoulol biosynthesis in P. Cablin, and the basis for improvingPatchoulol production through genetic engineering.
Abstract: Many commercially important drug and flavor compounds are secondary metabolites of terpenoid origin. Pogostemon cablin, a commercially important industrial and medicinal crop, accumulates abundant patchouli oil comprised of more than 24 unique sesquiterpene compounds, with the most abundant being patchouli alcohol. In this study, we analyzed the P. cablin transcriptome library, obtaining 74 terpenoid biosynthesis-related genes, and identified their expression patterns in leaves, stems, and flowers. These genes are members of 15 different families, and we detected all the enzymes involved in the sesquiterpenes pathway that are responsible for patchoulol biosynthesis. Sequence structure, homology, conserved domain properties, and phylogeny of certain identified genes were systematically investigated. Color complementation assay was used to verify the functional activity of the MEP pathway proteins. Exogenous hormone treatment revealed that patchoulol synthesis is induced by methyl jasmonate (MeJA). Quantitative reverse-transcription PCR analysis indicated that the MVA pathway genes (acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase, mevalonate diphosphate decarboxylase, and farnesyl diphosphate synthase) participate in patchoulol biosynthesis and are mediated by MeJA. Taken together, this is the first report of integrated analysis of P. cablin MVA and MEP pathway related genes, providing a better understanding of terpenoid and/or patchoulol biosynthesis in P. cablin, and the basis for improving patchoulol production through genetic engineering.
21 citations
4 Jun 2019
TL;DR: The repellent lotion all the formula has the same characteristic, they are homogeneous, soft, aromatic textured liquid, an oil-in-water type emulsion, and easily dispersed, they have a good pH and viscosity, remain stable after the freeze-thaw cycle testing as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The constituent of Cananga oil is caryophyllene, linalool, and germacrene D, and the main constituent of patchouli oil is the sesquiterpene patchoulol, all have a repellent effect. Moreover, the patchouli oil has a fixative property. The combination of cananga and patchouli oil expected to give a more durable repellent effect. This study conducted to investigate the characteristics and the effectiveness of repellent lotion that contained cananga and patchouli oil. Made lotions that contained cananga oil 7.5% combined with patchouli oil 1%, 2%, and 3%. The characteristic test consists of organoleptic, homogeneity, emulsion type, viscosity, pH, and stability with the freeze-thaw cycle method. The activity test as a repellent using Aedes aegypti mosquitoes for 150 minutes, each period for 30minutes with 3minute exposure. The repellent lotion all the formula has the same characteristic, they are homogeneous, soft, aromatic textured liquid, an oil-in-water type emulsion, and easily dispersed, they have a good pH and viscosity, remain stable after the freeze-thaw cycle testing. While the result repellent test showed the protective power all formula is not different (Two-way ANOVA; a=0.05), they are effective as a repellent for 60 minutes.