TL;DR: A genome-scale phylogenetic analysis of 48 species representing all orders of Neoaves recovered a highly resolved tree that confirms previously controversial sister or close relationships and identifies the first divergence in Neoaves, two groups the authors named Passerea and Columbea.
Abstract: To better determine the history of modern birds, we performed a genome-scale phylogenetic analysis of 48 species representing all orders of Neoaves using phylogenomic methods created to handle genome-scale data. We recovered a highly resolved tree that confirms previously controversial sister or close relationships. We identified the first divergence in Neoaves, two groups we named Passerea and Columbea, representing independent lineages of diverse and convergently evolved land and water bird species. Among Passerea, we infer the common ancestor of core landbirds to have been an apex predator and confirm independent gains of vocal learning. Among Columbea, we identify pigeons and flamingoes as belonging to sister clades. Even with whole genomes, some of the earliest branches in Neoaves proved challenging to resolve, which was best explained by massive protein-coding sequence convergence and high levels of incomplete lineage sorting that occurred during a rapid radiation after the Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction event about 66 million years ago.
TL;DR: Targeted genomic sequencing from 198 living bird species provides an unprecedented combination of breadth and depth of data, and allows the most robust resolution so far of the early evolutionary relationships of modern birds.
Abstract: The genome sequences of 198 bird species provide an unprecedented combination of breadth and depth of data, and allow the most robust resolution so far of the early evolutionary relationships of modern birds. See Letter p.569
The evolutionary relationships of bird species remain a contentious issue. Richard Prum et al. used targeted genomic sequencing to compare more than 259 nuclear loci from each of 198 living bird species, representing all major avian lineages and two crocodilian outgroups. The results favour a phylogeny consisting of five major clades forming successive sister taxa to the rest of Neoaves, and do not support two recently proposed Neoavian clades — Columbea and Passerea — as natural groups.
TL;DR: This work investigates whether filtering UCE loci on their phylogenetic signal to noise ratio helps to resolve key nodes in the Neoaves tree of life and suggests that filtering on the basis of signal to Noise ratio is a useful tool for resolving problematic splits in phylogenomic data sets.