TL;DR: Four species of the genus Pardachirus are recognized and their distribution mapped: P. marmoratus from the Red Sea and Indian Ocean, P. pavoninus (Lapédè) and P. poropterus from the Indo-Pacific, andP.
Abstract: Fishes of the genus Pardachirus (Soleidae) are reviewed. Four species are recognized and their distribution mapped: P. marmoratus (Lacepede) from the Red Sea and Indian Ocean, P. pavoninus (Lapede) and P. poropterus (Bleeker) from the Indo-Pacific, and P. hedleyi (Ogilby) from estuarine waters of Australia. Achirus rautheri Chabanaud is placed in synonymy with P. hedleyi. The ichthyocrinotoxic effect on teleosts of the secretion from P. pavoninus is described and compared with that of P. marmoratus. The distribution of poison glands in these two species shows more glands present on the eyed side. The number of glands range from 212 to 235 in P. marmoratus and 204 to 237 in P. pavoninus and number of rays on fins associated with the poison glands are about the same for both species. P. marmoratus appears to be more toxic than P. pavoninus.
TL;DR: The results revealed that membrane affinity does not parallel membrane perturbation but rather compensates it, and the spatial arrangement of hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions within a molecule is likely to reflect on the difference in potency of action among them.