TL;DR: Two highly specialised species of Elaphoidella are described and a detailed analysis of their ecology and morphological adaptations along with other species of the genus ElaphOidella from Slovenia is included, and comparisons are made with the epikarstic genera Morariopsis and Paramorariopsis.
Abstract: The unsaturated zone in fissured (= karstic) aquifers continues to be a source of new species of Harpacticoida (Crustacea: Copepoda). The first species were discovered about 70 years ago in the Skocjanske Jame Cave in Slovenia. Intensive sampling of percolating water in caves there over the last 20 years has yielded several new species, some of them well adapted to that environment. The most recent studies revealed that such a specialised fauna is also present in other regions of Europe, South and North America, and Asia. In Europe, three genera belonging to the order Harpacticoida are characteristic of the unsaturated karstic zone: Morariopsis, Paramorariopsis and Elaphoidella. In this article, two highly specialised species of Elaphoidella are described. A detailed analysis of their ecology and morphological adaptations along with other species of the genus Elaphoidella from Slovenia is included, and comparisons are made with the epikarstic genera Morariopsis and Paramorariopsis.
TL;DR: Members of a new genus and species of harpacticoid copepod crustacean appeared in samples from semi-terrestrial and aquatic habitats in a remnant of the Atlantic Forest in south-eastern Brazil, distinguished by a unique combination of characters.
TL;DR: Intensive sampling of the epikarst zone in Slovenia and Italy revealed that many genera, previously assumed as “rare”, are in fact common, widely distributed, and show a considerable level of specific endemicity.
Abstract: Paramorariopsis irenae n. sp. is the second species of the genus, which was described for the first time 15 years ago from a small cave in the southern part of Slovenia. The new species is closely related to Paramorariopsis anae Brancelj, 1991. The main differences are found in the ornamentation of caudal rami, abdominal somites and legs P2–P4, while P5 are very similar. It was initially assumed that the genus represented a member of the community inhabiting wet mosses near the cave's entrance. It can now be confirmed that it belongs to a specific community of Copepoda in the epikarst (i.e. part of the unsaturated karst zone). So far two genera are recognised as exclusively epikarstic: Morariopsis Kiefer, 1930 and Paramorariopsis Brancelj, 1991. Both genera were for a long time considered as monospecific with restricted distribution. Intensive sampling of the epikarst zone in Slovenia and Italy revealed that many genera, previously assumed as “rare”, are in fact common, widely distributed, and show a cons...