Topic
Paraho process
About: Paraho process is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 36 publications have been published within this topic receiving 129 citations.
Papers
1 Jan 1980
TL;DR: In this paper, the Standard Oil Company (Ohio) was contracted by the US Navy to refine up to 100,000 barrels of crude Paraho shale oil into military transportation fuels.
Abstract: In September 1977 The Standard Oil Company (Ohio) was contracted by the US Navy to refine up to 100,000 barrels of crude Paraho shale oil into military transportation fuels. The objective of the program was to demonstrate that shale oil could be converted into stable, specification military fuels utilizing conventional refining technology and in sufficient volumes to support an extensive engine testing program. Yields of JP-5 and DFM were to be maximized while minimizing the yield of residual fuel. The crude shale was produced by Paraho Development Corp., over the three year period from 1976 to 1978. A vertical direct heat retort was used to recover the oil from crushed shale. This program showed that fuels meeting military specifications and possessing good storage stability characteristics can be produced from crude shale oil, utilizing conventional refinery equipment. The processing scheme utilized in this study requires: settling and a guard bed to protect the hydrotreating catalyst; hydrotreating to remove heteratoms, increase the hydrogen/carbon ratio and improve the 650/sup 0/F minus liquid yield of shale oil; and acid and clay treating to meet thermal and storage stability requirements of the jet and diesel fuel.
15 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the saline characteristics of Paraho processed oil shale were investigated in a two-phase series of laboratory experiments and the subsequent solutions were analyzed for electrical conductivity and concentrations of Ca, Mg, Na, K, Cl, and SO/sub 4/.
Abstract: The saline characteristics of Paraho processed oil shale were investigated in a two-phase series of laboratory experiments. The first phase studied the release of salts from two naturally distributed shale particle sizes packed in lysimeters constructed of plastic pipe and subjected to five leaching situations. Electrical conductivity and specific ion concentrations were measured. The second phase of the experiments involved subjecting three particle sizes of shale to a variety of shale/water ratios. The subsequent solutions were analyzed for electrical conductivity (EC) and concentrations of Ca, Mg, Na, K, Cl, and SO/sub 4/. The lysimeter experiments demonstrated the highly soluble nature of the salts present in the Paraho processed shale. These salts are primarily composed of Mg, Na, and SO/sub 4/ and are predominately in the precipitated form, existing external to the shale. The most efficient treatments for removing salt from the upper 60 cm of the shale were those in which large (about 0.5 pore volumes) pulses of water were applied. To reduce the EC to acceptable levels (< 4.0 mmho/cm) required application of approximately 2 pore volumes of water. Results of the batch studies indicate a proportional relationship between dilution ratios and EC on a log-log scale. Similar ECmore » and dilution ratio relationships were observed for the cation sums. Ion analysis showed Mg and Na to be as much as 93% of the total water-soluble cations and SO/sub 4/ to be the dominant anion.« less
12 citations
12 citations
TL;DR: The use of continuous control, proportional heating, permanent recording, and careful sample preparation and handling provided more uniform operation and more reliable data as discussed by the authors, but still more improvements will be needed for the Fischer assay to serve as the standard for the future oil shale industry.
Abstract: The Fischer assay is used to measure the potential oil yield from oil shale Although the automated modified Fischer assay has been the standard for the oil shale industry, the basic equipment design and procedure need improvements Several improvements are discussed in this paper The use of continuous control, proportional heating, permanent recording, and careful sample preparation and handling provide more uniform operation and more reliable data However, for the Fischer assay to serve as the standard for the future oil shale industry, still more improvements will be needed
9 citations
1 Jun 1982
8 citations
Related Topics (5)
Performance Metrics
| Year | Papers |
|---|---|
| 1989 | 1 |
| 1986 | 3 |
| 1985 | 1 |
| 1984 | 1 |
| 1983 | 2 |
| 1982 | 3 |