TL;DR: In this article, Lowenthal presented a checklist for semantic analysis of the television medium and discussed the problem of meaning and meaning of meaning in the context of video games and the role of games in social and physical problems caused by video games.
Abstract: PART I. TECHNIQUES OF INTERPRETATION 1. Semiotic Analysis A Brief History of the Subject The Problem of Meaning Social Aspects of Semiotics: The Individual and Society Saussure on the Science of Semiology Signs Forms of Signs Signs and Advertising Material Culture Objects and Identity Signs and Truth Activities and Performances Music and Sound Effects Facial Expressions as Signs Hyperreality Language and Speaking Connotation and Denotation The Synchronic and the Diachronic Syntagmatic Analysis Paradigmatic Analysis Intertextuality Dialogical Theory Metaphor And Metonymy Codes Semiotics of the Television Medium Some Criticisms of Semiotic Analysis A Checklist for Semiotic Analysis of Television Study Questions and Topics for Discussion Annotated Bibliography 2. Marxist Analysis Materialism The Base and the Superstructure False Consciousness and Ideology The Frankfurt School Class Conflict Alienation The Consumer Society John Berger on Advertising Bourgeois Heroes Hegemony The Problem of Media Consolidation The Danger of Being Doctrinaire Grid-Group Analysis Mary Douglas and "Shopping" Marxist Criticism in the Postmodern World Study Questions and Topics for Discussion Annotated Bibliography 3. Psychoanalytic Criticism The Unconscious Sexuality William A. Rossi on Sexual Aspects of the Foot and Shoe The Oedipus Complex On the Importance of Myth Id, Ego, and Superego Freud's Structural Hypothesis Applied to Culture Symbols Defense Mechanisms Dreams Condensation and Displacement Aggression and Guilt Stereotypes and Aggressive Humor Freud and Beyond Jungian Psychoanalytic Theory Archetypes Psychoanalytic Analysis of Media: A Cautionary Note Study Questions and Topics for Discussion Annotated Bibliography 4. Sociological Analysis Emile Durkheim on Our Social Nature Some Basic Concepts Avarice Bureaucracy Class (Socio-Economic) Culture Deviance Ethnicity Functionalism Lifestyle Marginalization Mass Communication and Mass Media Postmodernism Race Role (Social) Sex (Gender) Socialization Status Stereotypes Values Uses and Gratifications 2 Genres and Formulas Content Analysis Leo Lowenthal on Content Analysis Study Questions and Topics for Discussion Annotated Bibliography PART II. APPLICATIONS 5. Murderers on the Orient Express Organizing a Mystery Detectives as Semioticians Social and Political Dimensions Poirot as Revolutionary Study Questions and Topics for Discussion 6. Seven Points on the Game of Football Football Is a Game of Signs Instant Replay and the Modern Sensibility Football Socializes Us Statistics About Televised Football Why Baseball Is Boring Football as an Alternative to Religion The Marxist Perspective Football and the Psyche Concluding Remarks Study Questions and Topics for Discussion 7. The Maiden With the Snake: Interpretations of a Print Advertisement Signs in Signs: A Primer on Applied Semiotics The Maiden in Paradise: A Case Study A Paradigmatic Analysis of the Fidji Advertisement Psychoanalytic Aspects of the Fidji Text An Aside on Moisturizers and Anxiety Final Comments on Perfume and Anxiety Study Questions and Topics for Discussion 8. All-News Radio and the American Bourgeoisi News and Alienation News and Ruling-Class Ideology Commercials and Anxiety Caught in the Middle News from Internet and Social Media Study Questions and Topics for Discussion 9. Video Games: A New Art Form Are Video Games an Art Form or a Medium? New Technologies and Video Games Janet Murray on Interactivity and Immersion Video Games and Addiction Video Games and the Problem of Violence Social and Physical Problems Caused by Video Games Video Games and Sexuality Conclusions Study Questions and Topics for Discussion 10. Cell Phones, Social Media and the Problem of Identity Media Use by 8 to 18 Year Olds Social Media A Psychoanalytic Perspective on Youth and Social Media The Cell Phone as Sign: A Semiotic Perspective Marxist Perspectives on Cell Phones Conclusions Study Questions and Topics for Discussion Appendix: Simulations, Activities, Games, and Exercises Anatomy of a Tale Paradigmatic Analysis Dream Analysis Writing a Therapeutic Fairy Tale Origin Tales Radio Scripts Television Narrative Analysis The Propp Game Metaphors Advertising Analysis Playing Aaron Wildavsky Textual Analysis Glossary References Name Index Subject Index About the Author
TL;DR: This paper analyses the fundamental philosophical assumptions of five "contrasting" information systems development (ISD) approaches: the interactionist approach, the speech act-based approach; the soft systems methodology approach,The trade unionist approach; and the professional work practice approach.
Abstract: This paper analyses the fundamental philosophical assumptions of five "contrasting" information systems development (ISD) approaches: the interactionist approach, the speech act-based approach, the soft systems methodology approach, the trade unionist approach, and the professional work practice approach. These five approaches are selected for analysis because they illustrate alternative philosophical assumptions from the dominant "orthodoxy" identified in the research literature. The paper also proposes a distinction between "approach" and "methodology." The analysis of the five approaches is organized around four basic questions: What is the assumed nature of an information system (ontology)? What is human knowledge and how can it be obtained (epistemology)? What are the preferred research methods for continuing the improvement of each approach (research methodology)? and what are the implied values of information system research (ethics)? Each of these questions is explored from the internal perspective of the particular ISD approach. The paper addresses these questions through a conceptual structure which is based on a paradigmatic framework for analyzing ISD approaches.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors draw upon the work of Thomas Kuhn and conduct a paradigmatic analysis of the field of social innovation which identifies two emerging schools: one technocratic, the other democratic.
Abstract: This paper calls attention to the problematic use of the concept of social innovation which remains undefined despite its proliferation throughout academic and policy discourses. Extant research has thus far failed to capture the socio-political contentions which surround social innovation. This paper therefore draws upon the work of Thomas Kuhn and conducts a paradigmatic analysis of the field of social innovation which identifies two emerging schools: one technocratic, the other democratic. The paper identifies some of the key thinkers in each paradigm and explains how the struggle between these two paradigms reveals itself to be part of a broader conflict between neoliberalism and it opponents and concludes by arguing that future research focused upon local contextualised struggles will reveal which paradigm is in the ascendancy.
TL;DR: This chapter first examines the morphosyllabic or phonosemantic nature of Chinese, and discusses paradigmatic analysis in emphasizing a network of linguistic connections in analytic Chinese word reading, supported by the psychological principles of redundancy and precision in promoting lexical representation.
Abstract: This chapter first examines the morphosyllabic or phonosemantic nature of Chinese, and discusses paradigmatic analysis in emphasizing a network of linguistic connections in analytic Chinese word reading. There is strong evidence from experimental psychology that the “universal” phonological principle also applies to lexical access in Chinese. Studies of phonological processing relating to manipulation of speech sounds by Chinese adults in Beijing, Chinese children in Taiwan and Hong Kong, and Chinese university students in Hong Kong are discussed. Careful analyses of these studies suggest the need to examine linguistic variables, especially the internal structure of the syllable pertaining to sonority contour in spoken word perception and production, intervocalic consonants, and to initial (onset) and final (rime) including tone assignment in Chinese syllables. The precise role of these variables in relation to learning to read and spell in Chinese still needs investigation. Chinese language, linguistics and classroom practices all emphasize the integrative nature in learning the shape, sound and meaning of characters. This integrative approach is supported by the psychological principles of redundancy and precision in promoting lexical representation.
TL;DR: The best model based on Euclidean co-occurrence embedding combines the paradigmatic context representation with morphological and orthographic features and achieves 80% many-to-one accuracy on a 45-tag 1M word corpus.
Abstract: We investigate paradigmatic representations of word context in the domain of unsupervised syntactic category acquisition. Paradigmatic representations of word context are based on potential substitutes of a word in contrast to syntagmatic representations based on properties of neighboring words. We compare a bigram based baseline model with several paradigmatic models and demonstrate significant gains in accuracy. Our best model based on Euclidean co-occurrence embedding combines the paradigmatic context representation with morphological and orthographic features and achieves 80% many-to-one accuracy on a 45-tag 1M word corpus.