Topic
Panzootic
About: Panzootic is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 132 publications have been published within this topic receiving 7183 citations.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
University of Melbourne1, Australian National University2, Ghent University3, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile4, University of Pamplona5, University of Puerto Rico6, State University of Campinas7, Florida International University8, Spanish National Research Council9, Imperial College London10, Alexander von Humboldt Biological Resources Research Institute11, University of Los Andes12, North-West University13, Zoological Society of London14, Smithsonian Institution15, Universidad San Francisco de Quito16, Colorado State University17, Museum für Naturkunde18, Massey University19, University of Maryland, College Park20, University of Florida21, University of the Republic22, Cornell University23, Georgia Institute of Technology24, National Autonomous University of Mexico25, University of Pittsburgh26, Instituto Politécnico Nacional27, Andrés Bello National University28, University of Nevada, Reno29, Zoo Miami30, Natural History Museum31
TL;DR: A global, quantitative assessment of the amphibian chytridiomycosis panzootic demonstrates its role in the decline of at least 501 amphibian species over the past half-century and represents the greatest recorded loss of biodiversity attributable to a disease.
Abstract: Anthropogenic trade and development have broken down dispersal barriers, facilitating the spread of diseases that threaten Earth's biodiversity. We present a global, quantitative assessment of the amphibian chytridiomycosis panzootic, one of the most impactful examples of disease spread, and demonstrate its role in the decline of at least 501 amphibian species over the past half-century, including 90 presumed extinctions. The effects of chytridiomycosis have been greatest in large-bodied, range-restricted anurans in wet climates in the Americas and Australia. Declines peaked in the 1980s, and only 12% of declined species show signs of recovery, whereas 39% are experiencing ongoing decline. There is risk of further chytridiomycosis outbreaks in new areas. The chytridiomycosis panzootic represents the greatest recorded loss of biodiversity attributable to a disease.
1,103 citations
TL;DR: The ecology and evolution of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 viruses are reviewed, the pandemic risk is assessed, and aspects of human H 5N1 disease are addressed in relation to its epidemiology, clinical presentation, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management.
Abstract: Pandemic influenza virus has its origins in avian influenza viruses. The highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H5N1 is already panzootic in poultry, with attendant economic consequences. It continues to cross species barriers to infect humans and other mammals, often with fatal outcomes. Therefore, H5N1 virus has rightly received attention as a potential pandemic threat. However, it is noted that the pandemics of 1957 and 1968 did not arise from highly pathogenic influenza viruses, and the next pandemic may well arise from a low-pathogenicity virus. The rationale for particular concern about an H5N1 pandemic is not its inevitability but its potential severity. An H5N1 pandemic is an event of low probability but one of high human health impact and poses a predicament for public health. Here, we review the ecology and evolution of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 viruses, assess the pandemic risk, and address aspects of human H5N1 disease in relation to its epidemiology, clinical presentation, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management.
1,015 citations
Imperial College London1, University of Nevada, Reno2, University of Lisbon3, Seoul National University4, James Cook University5, University of Amsterdam6, University College London7, University of Copenhagen8, Norwegian University of Science and Technology9, Andrés Bello National University10, The Nature Conservancy11, IFREMER12, Royal Zoological Society of Scotland13, North-West University14, Natural History Museum15, University of Victoria16, Uppsala University17, University of Michigan18, University of Toulouse19, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ20, Ghent University21, University of Montpellier22, University of Zurich23, State University of Campinas24, Hungarian Natural History Museum25, Cornell University26, Spanish National Research Council27
TL;DR: This article used whole-genome sequencing to solve the spatiotemporal origins of the most devastating panzootic to date, caused by the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, a proximate driver of global amphibian declines.
Abstract: Globalized infectious diseases are causing species declines worldwide, but their source often remains elusive. We used whole-genome sequencing to solve the spatiotemporal origins of the most devastating panzootic to date, caused by the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, a proximate driver of global amphibian declines. We traced the source of B. dendrobatidis to the Korean peninsula, where one lineage, BdASIA-1, exhibits the genetic hallmarks of an ancestral population that seeded the panzootic. We date the emergence of this pathogen to the early 20th century, coinciding with the global expansion of commercial trade in amphibians, and we show that intercontinental transmission is ongoing. Our findings point to East Asia as a geographic hotspot for B. dendrobatidis biodiversity and the original source of these lineages that now parasitize amphibians worldwide.
510 citations
TL;DR: It is postulate that contact between previously genetically isolated allopatric populations of Bd may have allowed recombination to occur, resulting in the generation, spread, and invasion of the hypervirulent BdGPL leading to contemporary disease-driven losses in amphibian biodiversity.
Abstract: Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) is a globally ubiquitous fungal infection that has emerged to become a primary driver of amphibian biodiversity loss. Despite widespread effort to understand the emergence of this panzootic, the origins of the infection, its patterns of global spread, and principle mode of evolution remain largely unknown. Using comparative population genomics, we discovered three deeply diverged lineages of Bd associated with amphibians. Two of these lineages were found in multiple continents and are associated with known introductions by the amphibian trade. We found that isolates belonging to one clade, the global panzootic lineage (BdGPL) have emerged across at least five continents during the 20th century and are associated with the onset of epizootics in North America, Central America, the Caribbean, Australia, and Europe. The two newly identified divergent lineages, Cape lineage (BdCAPE) and Swiss lineage (BdCH), were found to differ in morphological traits when compared against one another and BdGPL, and we show that BdGPL is hypervirulent. BdGPL uniquely bears the hallmarks of genomic recombination, manifested as extensive intergenomic phylogenetic conflict and patchily distributed heterozygosity. We postulate that contact between previously genetically isolated allopatric populations of Bd may have allowed recombination to occur, resulting in the generation, spread, and invasion of the hypervirulent BdGPL leading to contemporary disease-driven losses in amphibian biodiversity.
449 citations
TL;DR: Information is reviewed on the host, temporal, and geographic distribution of APMV-1 genetic diversity based on the evolutionary systematics of the complete coding region of the fusion gene.
285 citations
Related Topics (5)
Performance Metrics
| Year | Papers |
|---|---|
| 2021 | 15 |
| 2020 | 13 |
| 2019 | 5 |
| 2018 | 10 |
| 2017 | 8 |
| 2016 | 7 |