Abstract: IH. AN OVERVIEW OF THE PRINCIPLES OF THE LAW OF OUTER SPACE .............................................. 155 A. A Brief History of the International Space Treaties ....................................................... 156 B. The Space Treaties .......................................................................................................... 157 1. The 1967 Outer Space Treaty ............................................................................. 157 2. The 1968 Astronaut Agreement .......................................................................... 158 3. The 1972 Liability Convention ........................................................................... 159 4. The 1976 Registration Convention ..................................................................... 159 5. The 1979 Moon Agreement ................................................................................. 159

Abstract: Cosmic rays - even the name conjures up a vision of otherworldly mystery. Enigmatic for many years, they are now known to be not rays at all, but particles, the nuclei of atoms, raining down continually on the earth, where they can be detected throughout the atmosphere and sometimes even thousands of feet underground. This book tells the long-running detective story behind the discovery and study of cosmic rays, a story that stretches from the early days of subatomic particle physics in the 1890s to the frontiers of high-energy astrophysics today. Writing for the amateur scientist and the educated general reader, Michael W. Friedlander, a cosmic ray researcher, relates the history of cosmic ray science from its accidental discovery to its present status. He explains how cosmic rays are identified and their energies measured, then surveys our current knowledge and theories of this thin cosmic rain. The most thorough, up-to-date and readable account of these intriguing phenomena, his book makes us party to the search into the nature, behaviour and origins of cosmic rays - and into the sources of their enormous energy, sometimes hundreds of millions times greater than the energy achievable in the most powerful earthbound particle accelerators. As this search led unexpectedly to the discovery of new particles such as the muon, pion, kaon and hyperon, and as it reveals scenes of awesome violence in the cosmos and offers clues about black holes, supernovas, neutron stars, quasars and neutrinos, we see clearly why cosmic rays remain central to an astonishingly diverse range of research studies on scales infinitesimally small and large. Attractively illustrated, engagingly written, this is a fascinating inside look at a science at the centre of our understanding of our universe.

Abstract: Rules for activities in outer space are agreed upon in the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space of the United Nations Several international treaties have been adopted in the 1970s, that is, at a time before space debris became a concern for the international community In the years 1979–1988 numerous documents were prepared by the UN Secretariat on space debris, but no official discussions of the problem were initiated by states members of the COPUOS First proposals for introducing the matter to the UN appeared around 1988, after important studies on the subject were published by states and leading intergovernmental organizations Also the International Telecommunication Union became concerned about the proliferation of space debris in the geostationary orbit and adopted in 1993 a recommendation to restrict the generation of debris and to re-orbit satellites approaching the end of their active lives into disposal orbits beyond the belt populated by active satellites In 1994, the UN started discussing scientific and technical aspects of space debris In the following years, with the assistance of experts from prominent space agencies, it elaborated a Technical Report on space debris Legal aspects of the problem have not yet begun being discussed because the necessary consensus among states members of the COPUOS has not yet been achieved Very recently, the UN received first information on a wider subject, space traffic management

Abstract: In its 2 May 1946 report, Preliminary Design for an Experimental World Circling Spaceship, the Douglas Aircraft Corporation examined the potential value of satellites for scienti¢c and military purposes. Possible military uses included missile guidance, weapons delivery, weather reconnaissance, communications, attack assessment, and ``observation.’’1 A little less than nine years later, on 15 March 1955, the United States Air Force issued General Operational Requirement No. 80, which established a high-priority requirement for an advanced reconnaissance satellite. The document de¢ned the Air Force objective to be the provision of worldwide surveillance or reconnaissance of ``preselected areas of the earth’’ in order to provide warning of ballistic missile attack, collect intelligence to support national intelligence requirements as well as emergency war plans, and to determine ``the intentions of a potential enemy and the status of his warmaking capability.’’2 Over the next ¢ve years the U.S. reconnaissance satellite program evolved in a variety of ways. The Air Force program was ¢rst designated the Advanced Reconnaissance System (ARS), then SENTRY. Management responsibility for SENTRY was transferred from the Air Force to the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA), established on 7 February 1958, and then back to the Air Force in late 1959öby which time the program had been renamed SAMOS.3

Abstract: This Thesis is a work of public international law, more specifically of international space law The Thesis deals with the question of whether different activities in outer space and on celestial b

Abstract: In view of the ongoing privatisation in certain sectors of space activities more and more states become aware that international space law on many counts requires (or at the very least stimulates) domestic implementation by means of national space laws. Thus, on 21 December 1998 Royal assent was given to a Space Activities Act, being "an act about space activities, and for related purposes", drafted by the Australian parliament. Australia thereby became the world's sixth state enacting a transparent and rather comprehensive piece of national legislation exclusively focused on space activities after the United States, Sweden, the United Kingdom, the Russian Federation and South Africa. In addition, states such as France, Japan, Brazil and Argentina have already developed to some extent coherent quasi-legislative regulation on a national level which is of supreme relevance also for certain space activities. At a previous occasion I had the opportunity to analyse and evaluate extensively the national space legislation of the five states referred to from this particular perspective (of regulating private space and space-related activities), in addition to the special case of France. The present paper will summarily apply the same methodology and the same parameters to the Australian Space Activities Act of 1998, in order to allow for some conclusions as to its effectiveness and relevance in stimulating the positive effects of private involvement in space activities whilst curbing its negative aspects. In doing so, it will also take the specific Australian situation vis-a-vis (private) space activities into account. Thus, it will briefly analyse to which extent Australia in enunciating its Act has actually followed the core parameters provided at the international level, notably of course Articles VI, Copyright ©2000 by F.G. von der Dunk. VII and VIII of the Outer Space Treaty, the Liability Convention and the Registration Convention. It will thus evaluate the legal consequences of Australia's international responsibility and international liability once arising, and the usage Australia has made of its jurisdiction to ascertain its interests in that respect, especially with a view to its establishment of a licensing system. Furthermore, it will briefly touch upon a few ,$ubstantive core issues as emanating from international law the status of outer space, security aspects, safety aspects, substantive aspects of liability, and the issue of a central national space agency and the measure of domestic implementation provided for in the Australian case. Finally, a brief conclusion will be offered on the extent to which stimulation of private involvement actually results from the Act, in view of Australia's obligations under international space law.

Abstract: On the basis of presenting the status quo of space technologies and major national and international activities related to data policies, this paper analyses the characteristics of the existing data policies, and issues of sharing space data and its ethical challengess Six key actions in the worldwide are suggested

Abstract: Preface. Declaration of the Seoul Conference. Table of Cases. Table of Directives, Regulations, Principles, Declarations, Acts, Statutes and Laws. Table of Treaties and Conventions. Table of Acronyms and Abbreviations. Keynote Speech H.K.-Lee. Part One: Regulatory and De-Regulatory Development in International Air Transport. 1. The Current Task of Korea's Aviation Service for the 21ste Century J.-H. Lee. 2. Liberalization of Air Transport in Europe P. Mendes de Leon. 3. Some Considerations on the New Aviation Policy in Japan M. Sekiguchi. 4. Block-Bilateralism with Special Reference to the EU-USA Relationship K. den Braven. 5. Deregulation for Third Country's Air Traffic in the East Asian Region C.-J. Cheng. 6. The Implications of `Open Skies' Agreements at the Bilateral, Regional and Multilateral Levels P.P.C. Haanappel. Part Two: The Warsaw System: Past, Present and Future. 7. The Innovation of the Warsaw System and the IATA Intercarrier Agreement D.H. Kim. 8. An Asian View on the New Development of the Warsaw System T. Sakamoto. 9. Insurance Implications of the IATA Intercarrier Agreements R.D. Margo. 10. The IATA Intercarrier Agreement and the Standpoint of Japan S. Miyoshi. Part Three: Current Issues on Cooperation of International Air Transport. 11. Recent Developments in Airline Cooperation and Competition J. Moloney. 12. Civil Aviation Cooperation Between North Korea and South Korea S.-K. Hong. 13. Franchising and Codesharing in International Air Transport H.A. Wassenbergh. 14. Recent Cases and Developments in Aviation Law in Europe G. Guerreri. Part Four: Current Issues on Aviation Liability of International Air Transport. 15. Aviation Products Liability for Manufacturing and Design Defects: Two Recent Developments C.J.J.M. Stolker, D.I. Levine. 16. Product Liability and Insurance on Aircraft and Satellites I.H.Ph. Diederiks-Verschoor. 17. Liability on Third Parties on the Surface in International Air Transport J.T. Baganha. Part Five: The Challenges of the Peaceful Use of Outer Space. 18. Space Activities and Plans Within the United Nations: Preparing for the 21ste Century N. Jasentuliyana. 19. Legal Aspects for the Peaceful Use of the Aerospace in Far East Asia S.H. Shin. 20. Bilateralism in Trade in Launch Services H.P. van Fenema. 21. Intellectual Property (IPR) and Space Activities: New Perspectives for the Future? A.M. Balsano. 22. Some Reflections on the Need to Accommodate the Space Law System to Space Commercialization K. Tatsuzawa. Part Six: Current Issues on Safety and Defence in Outer Space. 23. Military Use of Outer Space: Article IV of the 1967 Space Treaty Revisited B. Cheng. 24. Institutional and Legal Problems of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) -- Solutions in Search of a Problem? M. Milde. 25. Spill over Problems Caused by Military and Telecommunication Satellites in Asian Countries T. Kosuge. 26. An Asian Satellite Monitoring System: Will It Emerge? S. Aoki. List of Session Co-Chairmen, Speakers and Panellists.

Abstract: A new impetus for space law making: The 1999 reform of UNCOPUOS and how it works, Paper presented at the 43rd Colloquium on the Law of Outer Space of the International Institute of Space Law, 02.-06.10.00, Rio de Janeiro, No. IISL- 2000-IISL.1.14

Abstract: Accelerating man-made degradation of the environment is making the sky and astronomical objects harder to see. Light pollution, radio frequency interference, space debris, and activities in outer space are restricting astronomy, remote sensing, and telecommunications. Without concerted effort and international cooperation, science-based policies to establish emissions standards and similar measures to protect the space environment cannot be formulated, monitored, or enforced. All users of space need to consider the consequences of projects before irreversible actions are taken.

Abstract: The government in and for outer space is non-existent. Instead, the nations rely on treaties among themselves for government activity about space. This political void is occasioned in space by the Outer Space Treaty, 1967. Because of the fact that space is not treated as a legal venue, there is an infirmity. In common law parlance, the King is incapacitated in space. The Regency form of government has been used traditionally to repair Governments where the King is incapacitated or his regime is infirm. The usual parameters of a Regency are that it is comprised of family and friends of the King; that it is a trusteeship entity; that it exists for the benefit of the people; and that it exercises governmental authority in the jurisdiction of the State. The Regency Proposal will emphasize the Trusteeship quality and the governance functions intended for outer space. Within 100 years, it is required that settlers in space hold a space venue government convention. One purpose of the Regency is to help make that convention happen; to build facilities in space for it; and to help people migrate to space during that 100 year Regency period.

Abstract: When the fundamental rules of space law were adopted by UN resolutions and treaties, space transportation as it is currently foreseen was science fiction. Nevertheless the principles governing space activities are in force; they can adapt to suit the new activities. A general consensus exists within the COPUOS to keep the present rules, but in some cases they should be complemented or improved.