Abstract: Introduction S. Mosteshar. 1. Introductory Remarks K.-H. Bockstiegel. 2. Financing Space Research and Inventions C.S. Dubin. 3. Micro-Gravity Experiments in Japan H. Suzuki. 4. Aspects contractuels des operations en micro-gravite J.-P. Raynaud. 5. Aspects of Contracts Involving Research Centres C.H. Moehlenhof. 6. Rights and obligations of participants in Space Materials Processing Activities P.D. Nesgos. 7. Commercial Use of Space in Europe: From a Matter of Independence to a Matter of Business J.-P. Fouquet, J.Y. Le Gall. 8. Evolution of U.S. Commercial Space Policies and Procedures E.A. Frankle. 9. Liability Regulations Applicable to Research and Invention in Outer Space and their Commercial Exploitation Bin Cheng. 10. Legal Liability Arising from Commercial Activities in Outer Space I. Awford. 11. Recent Developments in Space Law Litigation L.S. Kaplan. 12. Issues Arising in Determining the Legal Regime Applicable to Intellectual Property Rights in Outer Space S. Mosteshar. 13. Issues of Intellectual Property in Relation to Research and Invention in Outer Space: European Community Perspective D. Staunder. 14. The European Space Agency: Intellectual Property Rights and International Cooperation/ L'Agence Spatiale Europeenne: Propriete intellectuelle et cooperation internationale A.M. Balsano. 15. Intellectual Property Rights with Respect to Inventions, Created in Space O. Vorobieva. 16. Research and Invention in Outer Space and their Commercial Exploitation: Liability and Intellectual Property Rights S. Mosteshar. 17. Intellectual Property Issues in Space Activities S. Mosteshar. Appendix 1: Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies. Appendix 2: Agreement on the Rescue of Astronauts, the Return of Astronauts and the Return of Objects Launched into Outer Space. Appendix 3: Convention on International Liability for Damage Caused by Space Objects. Appendix 4: Convention on Registration of Objects Launched into Outer Space. Appendix 5: Agreement Governing the Activities of States on the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies. Appendix 6: Agreement among the Government of the United States of America, Governments of Member States of the European Space Agency, the Government of Japan, and the Government of Canada on Cooperation in the Detailed Design, Development, Operation and Utilisation of the Permanently Manned Civil Space Station.

Abstract: General introduction confidence-building measures and outer space monitoring outer space activities - international political issues CSBMs and earth-to-space tracking - a general overview of existing proposals CBSMs in outer space - some political considerations artificial satellites and space debris - current stocks, orbital distribution and monitoring activities rocket launches - current trends, growth prospects and monitoring operations command and control of artificial satellites - implications for monitoring radio tracking and monitoring - implications for CSBMs laser systems for optical space observation optical earth-to-space observations of artificial satellites and space debris - monitoring CSBMs the application of the technique of radar/interferometry to CSBMs in outer space applying CSBMs to the outer space environment monitoring scenarios for different CSBMs in outer space establishing an earth-to-space monitoring network for CSBMs.

Abstract: Preface. Table of cases. Table of treaties and conventions. Table of acronyms and abbreviations. Part one: Regulatory development in international air transport. 1. Coping with competition - profiting through partnerships T. Kameyama. 2. Government policy and commercial strategy in the 21st century: M.E. Levine. 3. The need to revise the Bermuda capacity formula/ the need to update the Chicago convention M. Sekiguchi. 4. The Bermuda capacity principle: does it still work? J.N. Shane. 5. Deregulation? Lu Ruiling. Part two: Legal and political aspects of commercial space activities in the 21st century. 6. Policy and legal implications of Asia-Pacific space cooperation He Qizhi. 7. Satellite communications systems and legal issues in the Asia-Pacific region T. Kosuge. 8. US Space law: the practical implications of recent case law developments on minimization of litigation R.B. Trinder. Part three: Liability and responsibility in international aviation safety and security and in the international aviation environment. 9. The liability of international air carriers in a changing era Doo Hwan Kim. 10. The Warsaw system: Mess up, tear up, or shore up? Bin Cheng. 11. The fate of passenger liability limitation in the Warsaw system T. Sakamoto. 12. The international fight against terrorism in the air M. Milde. Part four: Special issues of the international airline industry. 13. Foreign investment in air transport in the emerging multilateral era P.V. Mifsud. 14. Responsibility of airlines N. Fukui. 15. Competition in international aviation: the next round A.F. Lowenfeld. 16. Standardization of safety requirements D.J. Slijper. 17. 'Open Skies'/'Open markets': The limits to competition H. Wassenbergh. Part five: The exploration, exploitation and use of outer space, celestial bodies and resources. 18. Ensuring equal access to the benefits of space technology for all countries N. Jasentuliyana. 19. Cooperation and competition in space transportation H.P. van Fenema. 20. Legal problems of manned space flight S. Gorove. 21. Protection of the space environment - Debris and power sources C.Q. Christol. Part six: Special issues of international air law. 22. New sources of international air law Chia-Jui Cheng. 23. Jurisdiction and applicable law in aviation cases in Japan K. Hayashida. 24. Conflict of laws in aviation insurance R.D. Margo. 25. Aviation personal injury claim settlement practice in Japan S. Okabe. 26. Settlement of disputes in air and space law P. Mendes de Leon. Closing remarks. List of speakers, lecturers and session chairmen. List of participants.

Abstract: Since the launch of the first Sputnik in 1957, the number of space debris in orbit is progressively increasing, up to a point that is today considered serious. Scientists quickly became aware of this phenomena and started studying the evolution, mitigation, and characterization of space debris. But jurists are today confronted with a situation that the United Nations Outer Space Treaties did not foresee. The purpose of the presentation is to look at the existing international public law and examine how it may help to characterize and/or mitigate the space debris population. After having briefly described the problem caused by space debris, the first part will study the United Nations Space Treaties and in particular the principles of responsibility and liability as laid down in the 1967 Outer Space Treaty and the 1972 Liability Convention, which should allow us to conclude that there is an urgent need for a new international convention of space debris. The second part will then focus on the several proposals made concerning space debris and will lay down a set of general principles of the legislation on space debris.

Abstract: Outer space affords a unique physical environment in which to conduct experiments. The most widely appreciated characteristic of the space environment is that of microgravity. Outer space also provides a sterile setting not easily or inexpensively achievable on Earth. The electromagnetic and radiation levels too differ significantly from those on Earth. These and other natural attributes of outer space make it a potentially attractive environment for the conduct of experiments, which will lead to inventions in a wide range of high technology fields. This unique environment is increasingly accessible to experimenters and inventors at costs which are commercially attractive. The Mir Space Station as well as NASA Shuttle Flights already provide opportunities for experiments to be conducted in outer space. When the Multi-National Space Station is established there will be even greater numbers of experiments and research projects conducted there. Outer space also presents a unique legal environment for these activities. Recognizing this, and the uncertainty surrounding a number of central legal issues which will result from such activity, this book sheds light on the incidental legal questions that arise. Based on the papers presented at a conference on the topic in Paris, the book examines patentability and intellectual property infringement, as well as contractual issues and related topics. Also included are papers on the liabilities that arise out of activities in outer space, the relevant jurisdictional considerations, and the growing commercialization of space activities in the United States and in Europe.