Otatea

Abstract: Representative taxa of the five genera of Guaduinae, a subtribe of Neotropical woody bamboos, were sampled to investigate the phylogenetic relationships of the species of the genus Otatea using morphological and molecular (cpDNA intergenic spacer trnH-psbA and the rpl16 intron) evidence. Phylogenetic analysis of a combined data set retrieved 53 most parsimonious trees in which subtribe Guaduinae is monophyletic if two species of Anlonemia (A. clarkiae and A. fulgor) are included. They were previously classified within subtribe Arthrostylidiinae. Guaduinae is supported by the lack of papillae from the abaxial surface, by an almost solid style, a short rachis extension, and oral setae present in culm and foliage leaves. Monophyly of the genera in Guaduinae (Eremocanlon, Guadna, Apoclada, Otatea, and Olmeca) was corroborated. Otatea species formed a monophyletic clade, supported by culms with three subequal ascending branches and pubescent lemmas. Eight species in Guaduinae (the four species in Otat...

Abstract: Previous molecular and morphological phylogenetic analyses, character-based analysis and ecological niche modeling identified seven monophyletic groups formed by populations of Otatea, a Neotropical woody bamboo genus belonging to subtribe Guaduinae. Thus the genus comprises at present seven species, four of them new to science. These four new Mesoamerican species are here described and illustrated: Otatea carrilloi from Chiapas, O. ximenae from Oaxaca, O. reynosoana from the Pacific slopes of Guerrero, Jalisco and Nayarit and O. transvolcanica from the Transmexican Volcanic Belt. A comprehensive taxonomic revision of the genus Otatea is presented based on collections for this project and on herbarium specimens.

Abstract: The diversity of the grass subfamily Bambusoideae native to Mexico is represented by two tribes, the tropical woody bamboos (Bambuseae) with three subtribes, Arthrostylidiinae, Chusqueinae and Guaduinae, and the herbaceous bamboos (Olyreae) with the single subtribe Olyrinae. In addition, Bambusa oldhamii , B. vulgaris, Phyllostachys aurea , P. bambusoides and Guadua angustifolia are cultivated in Mexico. The aim of this study is to provide morphological keys to the genera and species of the native and the most common cultivated bamboos in Mexico. In total, Mexico has 54 native, four herbaceous and 50 woody, species of bamboos. With the exception of a few states (Aguascalientes, Baja California, Baja California Sur, Coahuila and Tlaxcala), each of the remaining states has at least one bamboo species. Mexican bamboos are found from sea level to 3000 m in different types of vegetation including tropical dry forest, tropical subdeciduous forest, rain forest, cloud forest, pine-oak forest, pine-fir forest and xerophytic scrub. Herbaceous bamboos are represented by three genera: Cryptochloa , Lithachne and Olyra , whereas woody bamboos are represented by eight genera: Aulonemia , Arthrostylidium , Chusquea , Guadua , Merostachys , Olmeca , Otatea and Rhipidocladum . Thirty-one of the 54 bamboos are endemic to Mexico, and Chiapas, with 33 species, is the state with the highest bamboo diversity, followed by Veracruz with 25 and Oaxaca with 20. Chusquea is the most diverse genus with 21 species, followed by Otatea with ten and Guadua with seven. Twenty-seven of the 54 bamboo species deserve to be included in the Norma Oficial Mexicana (NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010), and in the Red List of the International Union of Conservation of Nature to promote their conservation.

Abstract: A new combination, Guadua chacoensis, is made. Based on morphological evidence, G. chacoensis appears closely allied to G. trinii. A detailed illustration of the species is included, and morphological descriptions and illustrations of the seedling and fruit are provided. Guadua was segregated from the genus Bambusa Schreber and described by Kunth (1822). Important diagnostic characters that distinguish this genus are triangular culm leaves in which the margins of the sheath and blade are usually contiguous, a distinctive band of short white hairs above and below the nodal line, synflorescences with 2to many-flowered pseudospikelets, a palea of firm texture with prominent wings emanating from the keels, and the presence of stomata and papillae on the adaxial surface of the leaf blades (Soderstrom & Ellis, 1987; Soderstrom & Londofio, 1987). Other characters useful in distinguishing among the species of the genus are the shape of culm and foliage leaf, the structure and shape of pseudospikelets, and the habit of the plant. Guadua occurs throughout tropical America, from Mexico to northern Argentina, and contains perhaps 30 species. Along with Guadua, four other genera are placed in the subtribe Guaduinae: Criciuma Soderstrom & Londoiio and Eremocaulon Soderstrom & Londoiio from Brazil, and Olmeca Soderstrom and Otatea (McClure & Smith) Calder6n & Soderstrom, from Mexico (Soderstrom & Ellis, 1987). Guadua chacoensis occurs in northern Argentina, southeastern Bolivia, and southern Paraguay and is one of the three southeasternmost species of the genus. It is frequently misidentified as G. angustifolia Kunth. The species was described in 1918 by the Argentinian botanist Nicolas Rojas Acosta as Bambusa chacoensis. A type specimen was not designated but the locality data (General Vedia, Depto. Bermejo, Prov. del Chaco-Argentina, and Ile de la Colonia Aquino, Rio Paraguay) and the common name "tacuara," distinguish it from two species that occur sympatrically, G. paraguayana Doell, "picanilla," and Guadua trinii (Nees) Ruprecht, "yatevo," "tacuaruzu," or "tacuara brava" (Nicora & Ruigolo, 1987; Young, 1985). McClure (1973), in his annotated checklist of species, included G. chacoensis under the heading of unresolved specific taxa. Young (1985) treated this species as one of two subspecies in the variable Guadua angustifolia Kunth complex and indicated a neotype. However, Young (1985) pointed out that "the two subspecies can be separated using a combination of vegetative and reproductive characters but since the morphological gap separating them is smaller than that separating most species in the subgenus, the taxa are considered here to be only subspecifically distinct." In this study, a comparison of floral and vegetative morphology among G. chacoensis, G. angustifolia, and G. trinii is presented. Based on complete material collected by Camilo Quarin, a botanist from the Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Corrientes, Argentina, a detailed illustration of the habit of G. chacoensis and descriptions and illustrations of the seedling and fruit are provided. Guadua chacoensis (Rojas) Londofio & Peterson, comb. nov. Basionym: Bambusa chacoensis Rojas, Bull. Acad. Int. Geogr. Bot. 26: 157. 1918. TYPE: Argentina. Chaco: Departamento Bermejo, General Vedia, Riberas del Rio de Oro, 23 July 1974, Quarin et al. 2384 (neotype, designated here, CTES; isoneotypes, F, G not seen, MO, US). Figure 1. Woody, thorny bamboo. Rhizomes pachymorph. Culms 10-20 m tall, 8-15 cm diam., green, erect below and arching apically; internodes hollow; nodes solitary; bud solitary, covered by a prophyll, positioned 2-4 mm above the nodal line. Culm leaves NOVON 2: 41-47. 1992. This content downloaded from 157.55.39.163 on Sat, 19 Nov 2016 04:22:52 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms