Abstract: This paper reports on sexual dysfunction experienced by 25 women with relatively mild multiple sclerosis (MS), previous accounts having been largely confined to problems encountered by males. The study included a matched comparison group of 25 women with migraine. All subjects were investigated neurologically, with particular reference to the lower segment of the spinal cord. Two case histories help to illustrate the results, and it is concluded that major sexual problems of organic nature are common and early symptoms in MS. The implications for treatment are discussed.

Abstract: A literature review supplemented interviews with informants who were confident they had personal experience with female orgasmic expulsion. It was concluded that female ejaculation of secretion from the embryologic homologue to the male prostate is theoretically plausible. Research efforts to affirm or discredit its existence on an objective basis were seen to be warranted. The assumption that female orgasmic expulsions must be due to urinary incontinence was challenged. Anecdotal evidence prompted the hypothesis that orgasm accompanied by ejaculation tends to be followed by a refractory period in women, as in men.

Abstract: Thirty subjects seeking treatment for primary inorgasmia accompanied by sexual anxiety or aversion were assigned to one of three groups: systematic desensitization (SD), directed masturbation (DM), or waiting list control (WL). Following treatment, subjects were retested, and the WL group then received directed masturbation treatment. A third testing constituted a follow-up for the SD and DM groups and a posttreatment testing for the WL. Both treatments were equally effective in improving subjects’ sexual self-acceptance and increasing sexual pleasure. Changes in anxiety were negligible; however, sexual arousal and orgasm for DM and WL subjects increased. The gains of the WL group not only replicated the findings of the DM group but also were of greater magnitude.

Abstract: SummaryThis preliminary report on sexuality in post-stroke hemiplegia is part of a retrospective investigation which aims to study the quality and quantity of sexual problems in different chronic d...

Abstract: The major genital responses of arousal in women are vasocongestion, resulting in tumescence of the vaginal walls, and vaginal lubrication, facilitating penile intromission and thrusting. During orgasm, several involuntary muscular reactions occur, the most adaptive being in the outer third of the vagina and the uterus. Uterine suction of the ejaculate seems to occur when the reproductive apparatus is functioning at full efficiency. Coitus may result in reflex ovulation. Indices of female nonhuman primate orgasm thus far proposed include rhythmic vaginal and anal contractions, hyperventilation, involuntary muscle tension, arm and leg spasms, grimacing, and uterine contractions. Orgasm in our species may exist as a result of phylogenetic inertia, not as a novel response selected during protohominid or hominid evolution. A theory for the evolutionary nature of orgasm in women states that the orgasmic vaginal contractions stimulate ejaculation. Reasons for the common asynchrony of this adaptive pattern are the usually lowered ejaculatory threshold because of non-species-typical orgasmic frequency in the male, and the frequently delayed female orgasm because of psychological inhibition and/or inadequate control and development of the pubococcygeus.

Abstract: The basic complaint of couples seeking sex therapy is that their sexual relationship is no longer satisfying to them, that they cannot deal with it. Although all couples who seek sex therapy feel that they have sex problems, not all couples experiencing sex problems seek sex therapy. We hypothesized that the way in which couples differ in their reaction to sex problems and their abilities to handle them is an important factor in determining their sexual satisfaction. To investigate this hypothesis, we looked at couples who attended a sex therapy clinic and at a demographically similar group of couples who have not sought sex therapy. The results suggest that factors in their relationship (marital functioning and communication and sexual communication) are a major difference between couples who seek therapy and those who do not.

Abstract: Forty-eight couples who complained of female orgasmic dysfunction received one of two therapies: sex therapy and communication therapy. Each couple was treated by a team of one male and one female therapist. Pretherapeutic, posttherapeutic and follow-up measurements showed that female sexual satisfaction increased in both therapies, but that the increase came more quickly in sex therapy. Male sexual satisfaction increased in sex therapy, but diminished in communication therapy. A two-phase model of the sexual response was tested against the therapeutic results. The experience of sexual interaction and the orgasmic experience improved in males and females in sex therapy, and in females in communication therapy. The male experience of sexual interaction deteriorated in communication therapy, while the male orgasmic experience initially increased and subsequently diminished again. Satisfaction with the total relationship increased in the males in communication therapy, and in the females in sex therapy.

Abstract: On the basis of a review of previous research on orgasm consistency and sexual satisfaction in heterosexual females, a two-dimensional conceptual model of sexual responsivity is proposed as a foundation for future research and theory. Methodological problems as well as conceptual inadequacies of past research are discussed. Research evidence strongly indicates that the variable of sexual satisfaction is a long overlooked but critical concept in the full understanding of female heterosexual behavior.

Abstract: A multidisciplinary team approach was used to identify different correlates of sexual inadequacy, by comparing sexually dysfunctional and adequately functioning couples. Early familial disruption, traditional/religious upbringing and current religiosity of the male patient, prejudices concerning normal sex behavior, sexual ignorance, communication problems, and myths resulted in rigid stereotyped sexual behavior for both partners in our dysfunctional, patient group. These behaviors are characterized by "gender asymmetry" in all aspects of sexual activity. Contrary to previous reports, it was found that men are very concerned with partner satisfaction and are the primary initiators for therapy.

Abstract: A retrospective review of data from a 619-member female sample presenting for treatment of sexual dysfunction was conducted to determine if foreplay and intromission duration variables were related to sexual dysfunction. Patients were assigned to coitally anorgasmic and noncoitally anorgasmic, coitally anorgasmic and noncoitally orgasmic, or coitally and noncoitally orgasmic categories on the basis of interview data collected by a nurse-physician team. Duration measure differences are not found between diagnostic categories. However, significant differences are reported for the duration measures between status of relationship groupings: married, single, divorced, or cohabitating (p less than 0.05). Data from the sexually dysfunctional sample are compared with data from the surveys of Kinsey, Fisher, and Hunt. The importance of extended foreplay and intromission in enhancing female coital orgasmic response is not supported.

Abstract: Female circumcision is practiced in some parts of Africa the southern part of the Arabian Peninsula Malaysia and Indonesia. 95% of a sample of 2000 Egyptian women were circumcised an operation attended by a high incidence of complications: immediate and late physical and psychosexual minor and serious even fatal. The causes are the type of operation and the operator. In a mild form the prepuce of the clitoris only is removed with the posterior larger parts of the labia minora. An extensive operation common to Sudan consists of removal of the whole clitoris the whole of the labia minora and part of the labia majora. Complications common with pharaonic or Sudanese circumcision include painful scarkeloid formation labial adhesions cysts of the clitoris vulval disfigurement vaginal calculi tight circumcision infertility and urinary complications. Psychosexual complications include a feeling of reduced feminity; diminished desire for coitus; diminished coital frequency; dyspareunia apareunia or vaginismus; lack of orgasm; anal intercourse; depression and psychotic states; and social problems. With infibulation come obstetric complications. Vaginal examination during labor may be difficult; catheterization of bladder is difficult; second stage of labor is delayed; tearing or splitting of the circumcison scar is unavoidable; injury of the vagina cervix and fetal scalp; and soft-tissue obstruction by the vulval skin diaphragm contributes to the production of a vesicovaginal fistula.

Abstract: Criteria which are essential for sexual development were examined on the basis of interviews conducted with 57 married couples who had remained without children without wanting to be childless, the reasons for their sterility being different in each case. It appears that both the experience of the first cohabitation and of the first orgasm, as well as the number of sexual partners before marriage are in some way connected with subsequent infertility. We also attempted to examine marital sexual relations in a kind of stock-taking operation. The cumulative occurrence of disturbances of intimate life was confirmed by this study, especially the reduced sexual satisfaction which depends on the cause of sterility. It also appears that changes in libido and feeling are influence by fertility; however, relative increases in such changes seem to indicate psychosexual disturbances of maturity in some of the partners, from which it would be possible to derive causal connections with infertility and therapeutic approaches.

Abstract: For some couples sexual intercourse during menses is both acceptable and pleasurable while for others it is an undesirable or unacceptable sexual pattern When counseling couples about having sexual intercourse during menses one need to keep in mind both the advantages and possible disadvantages Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is the most threatening risk of having coitus during menses A woman who has experienced PID or a woman at high risk of developing PID may want her partner to use a condom if she wants to have intercourse during menses Religious reasons may keep couples from sexual intercourse during menses Women with very short monthly cycles may from time to time ovulate during menses The use of tampons during menses may make the vagina very dry and extra lubrication may be required If sexual intercourse during menses does not lead to orgasm for the woman pelvic congestion may be increased thereby increasing the dysmenorrhea a woman experiences The advantages of intercourse during menses are: pregnancy is far less likely to occur; by diminishing pelvic congestion orgasm may significantly decrease the amount of dysmenorrhea a woman experiences; blood may be a good lubricant; and there are less days of abstinence in the monthly cycle

Abstract: 1. The role of the neurohormone oxytocin is a physiological factor in the reproductive cycle of coitus, birth, breast-feeding, the milk-ejection reflex, nipple erotism, and female sexual responsiveness. 2. The capacity for "motherliness," the attributes of empathy, consideration, confidence, and love are dependent on the level of psychosexual, ego, and superego maturity of the mother as well as on the pattern of mothering she experienced as a child. 3. The satisfaction of the oral hunger-satiation cycle is essential. Without it, even the most satisfactory maternal environment proves insufficient and results in serious ego constriction. 4. Bottle-feeding, as breast feeding, may offer a relatively satisfactory solution to the basic, physiological, hunger-satiation cycle and may fulfill, to a limited extent, the libidinal requirements of the crucial oral phase, depending on the psychosexual maturity and ego and superego development of the mother. 5. However, breast-feeding alone provides the experience of the original primal scene on which the later primal scene is based. 6. The breast-feeding capacity in itself is no more an indication that psychosexual maturity and the genital phase have been achieved than is the ability to achieve vaginal orgasm (or genital orgasm, in the male). 7. Sherfey's (1966) findings notwithstanding, Freud's (1925) statement that the elimination of clitoral primary (not participation) is essential for the development of femininity remains valid.

Abstract: The study was done on 122 postmenopausal women who wanted estrogen therapy because of various climacteric disturbances. The women were up to 60 years old; they were questioned about sexual activity 6 weeks 3 months and 6 months after onset of estrogen therapy. This is just a pilot study which needs to be supplemented with more data later but the conclusions are interesting. Sexual interest continually increased. A constant 25% expressed lack of sexual satisfaction but the remainder manifested a slight increase in satisfaction. Pain during coitus was twice as frequent (17%) before use of estrogen therapy as afterwards (9%). There was little impact on ability to achieve orgasm. Uterine secretion was twice as high prior to therapy as after 6 months of therapy. And complaints of vulvovaginal dryness were expressed twice as often prior to therapy as afterwards. The results show that the sexual impact of postmenopausal estrogen therapy should be neither overestimated or underestimated.

Abstract: The study objective was to obtain baseline data on the general attitude and knowledge of human sexuality among a group of educated women working as college teachers who could be trained as sex educators. Knowledge and attitudes on the following aspects of human sexuality were examined: source and attitude towards sex education; anatomy and physiology of sexual and reproductive organs; pregnancy and reproduction; ethics and techniques of sex; family planning and sex life; fertility and infertility; sex and married life; sex in the raising of children; and certain other aspects of sexuality such as masturbation premarital sex and homosexuality in males. The questionnaire was distributed to 242 teachers randomly selected from 8 different colleges which in turn had been randomly selected from arts science and commerce colleges in Bombay India. 162 completed questionnaires (67%) were returned. The sample included 56 unmarried and 196 married women; 83.95% were in the 20-44 year age group. Less than 1/5 of the respondents had received formal sex education. The majority advocated the acceptance of sex education in the raising of both sons and daughters. Knowledge of normal male and female anatomy and physiology was found to be inadequate. Ignorance regarding male aspects of anatomy and physiology were greater than that about female aspects. Knowledge about the basics of pregnancy and reproduction was poor. Almost 1/4 did not know the minimum age when a female could get pregnant. More than half had no accurate idea as to when a male became mature enough to impregnate a female. About 30% did not have an accurate concept of ovulation and did not know that the risk of pregnancy is highest during that period. The general attitude toward sex was good. 96% identified sexual desire as normal and healthy and thought that the initiative for sex can be taken by either spouse. About 60.5% claimed that they enjoyed sex. More than half the single and 1/5 of the married women failed to answer the question on erogenic areas indicating their unwillingness to express personal details of such an intimate character. Almost half the respondents were reluctant to discuss orgasm. 75% were using contraception and about 89% indicated that it was not sinful to practice contraception. About 37% felt that the use of contraceptives affected sexual enjoyment. Knowledge about male reproductive life was much poorer than knowledge about a womans fertility. The group had a progressive outlook on the raising of children. Knowledge about sexual perversions impotency nocturnal emissions and sex imcompatibility among married partners was less than on other aspects.

Abstract: (1981). Group Treatment for Women with Orgasm Difficulties. International Journal of Mental Health: Vol. 10, New Developments in Sex Research: Basic and Applied Issues, pp. 148-157.

Abstract: In a group of 1,756 gynecological patients married for at least one year, three-quarters of whom were being treated for sterility, the relationship between age at menarche and the frequency of orgasm during coitus was examined. Statistical analysis revealed a close correlation between these two factors: in orgastic women, r =−0.878; in patients with rare or no orgasm, r = +0.914; and in persons with sexual dissatisfaction r =+0.722. The percentage of orgastic women decreased, and the number of patients with rare or no orgasm during coitus or with sexual dissatisfaction increased with advancing age of menarche.

Abstract: Much has been written about the benefits of masturbation therapy for the preorgasmic and nonorgasmic female. Not only does this therapy often result in orgasmic achievement, but it is often instrumental in the client successfully integrating the genitalia with the body image. Largely missing from the literature, however, is any extensive coverage of the benefits masturbation therapy can have on body integration for the postorgasmic female. This may stem in part from a failure of therapists to recognize that althought a female may be orgasmic, she may still be hampered by a failure to accept and thus integrate her genitals into her body image. Therapists need to be sensitized to this possibility and to explore it with the client who presents with a sexual problem other than absence of orgasm.

Abstract: SummarySexuality was investigated in 35 males and 25 females with chronic back pain. Prior to onset of pain orgasmic dysfunction was common in 60 per cent of the females with relatively lower level...

Abstract: Kegel's theory (1952a) concerning the sexual importance of the pubococ‐cygeus muscle was combined with Singer's theory (1973) of “uterine” orgasms to produce the hypothesis that women who ejaculate at orgasm have stronger pelvic muscle contractions under voluntary control than women who do not ejaculate. The vaginal myograph and a new “uterine myograph” developed for this project were utilized to measure EMG levels in 47 women. Ejaculators were found to have significantly stronger pubococcygeal muscle contractions and significantly stronger uterine contractions than non‐ejaculators. The Grafenberg spot, an area of exceptional sexual sensitivity located in the anterior wall of the vagina, was identified in every subject. Hartman and Fithian's version (1974) of Kegel's theory of vaginal sexual sensitivity at “4 and 8 o'clock” was not supported; sexual sensitivity was focused at 12 o'clock in 90 % of the subjects. Kaplan's description (1974) of two “phases” of orgasm (in males) is expanded to accoun...