Showing papers on "Orality published in 1983"
Abstract: John Hartley: Before Ongism: "To become what we want to be, we have to decide what we were" Orality & Literacy: The Technologization Of The Word Introduction Part 1: The orality of language 1. The literate mind and the oral past 2. Did you say 'oral literature'? Part 2: The modern discovery of primary oral cultures 1. Early awareness of oral tradition 2. The Homeric question 3. Milman Parry's discovery 4. Consequent and related work Part 3: Some psychodynamics of orality 1. Sounded word as power and action 2. You know what you can recall: mnemonics and formulas 3. Further characteristics of orally based thought and expression 4. Additive rather than subordinative 5. Aggregative rather than analytic 6. Redundant or 'copious' 7. Conservative or traditionalist 8. Close to the human lifeworld 9. Agonistically toned 10. Empathetic and participatory rather than objectively distanced 11. Homeostatic 12. Situational rather than abstract 13. Oral memorization 14. Verbomotor lifestyle 15. The noetic role of heroic 'heavy' figures and of the bizarre 16. The interiority of sound 17. Orality, community and the sacral 18. Words are not signs Part 4: Writing restructures consciousness 1. The new world of autonomous discourse 2. Plato, writing and computers 3. Writing is a technology 4. What is 'writing' or 'script'? 5. Many scripts but only one alphabet 6. The onset of literacy 7. From memory to written records 8. Some dynamics of textuality 9. Distance, precision, grapholects and magnavocabularies 10. Interactions: rhetoric and the places 11. Interactions: learned languages 12. Tenaciousness of orality Part 5: Print, space and closure 1. Hearing-dominance yields to sight-dominance 2. Space and meaning 3. Indexes 4. Books, contents and labels 5. Meaningful surface 6. Typographic space 7. More diffuse effects 8. Print and closure: intertextuality 9. Post-typography: electronics Part 6: Oral memory, the story line and characterization 1. The primacy of the story line 2. Narrative and oral cultures 3. Oral memory and the story line 4. Closure of plot: travelogue to detective story 5. The 'round' character, writing and print Part 7: Some theorems 1. Literary history 2. New Criticism and Formalism 3. Structuralism 4. Textualists and deconstructionists 5. Speech-act and reader-response theory 6. Social sciences, philosophy, biblical studies 7. Orality, writing and being human 8. 'Media' versus human communication 9. The inward turn: consciousness and the text John Hartley: After Ongism: The Evolution of Networked Intelligence
3,944 citations
TL;DR: Hartley as mentioned in this paper discusses the psychodynamics of orality of language in the context of the oral past and present, and the evolution of the human mind from oral to written language.
Abstract: John Hartley: Before Ongism: "To become what we want to be, we have to decide what we were" Orality & Literacy: The Technologization Of The Word Introduction Part 1: The orality of language 1. The literate mind and the oral past 2. Did you say 'oral literature'? Part 2: The modern discovery of primary oral cultures 1. Early awareness of oral tradition 2. The Homeric question 3. Milman Parry's discovery 4. Consequent and related work Part 3: Some psychodynamics of orality 1. Sounded word as power and action 2. You know what you can recall: mnemonics and formulas 3. Further characteristics of orally based thought and expression 4. Additive rather than subordinative 5. Aggregative rather than analytic 6. Redundant or 'copious' 7. Conservative or traditionalist 8. Close to the human lifeworld 9. Agonistically toned 10. Empathetic and participatory rather than objectively distanced 11. Homeostatic 12. Situational rather than abstract 13. Oral memorization 14. Verbomotor lifestyle 15. The noetic role of heroic 'heavy' figures and of the bizarre 16. The interiority of sound 17. Orality, community and the sacral 18. Words are not signs Part 4: Writing restructures consciousness 1. The new world of autonomous discourse 2. Plato, writing and computers 3. Writing is a technology 4. What is 'writing' or 'script'? 5. Many scripts but only one alphabet 6. The onset of literacy 7. From memory to written records 8. Some dynamics of textuality 9. Distance, precision, grapholects and magnavocabularies 10. Interactions: rhetoric and the places 11. Interactions: learned languages 12. Tenaciousness of orality Part 5: Print, space and closure 1. Hearing-dominance yields to sight-dominance 2. Space and meaning 3. Indexes 4. Books, contents and labels 5. Meaningful surface 6. Typographic space 7. More diffuse effects 8. Print and closure: intertextuality 9. Post-typography: electronics Part 6: Oral memory, the story line and characterization 1. The primacy of the story line 2. Narrative and oral cultures 3. Oral memory and the story line 4. Closure of plot: travelogue to detective story 5. The 'round' character, writing and print Part 7: Some theorems 1. Literary history 2. New Criticism and Formalism 3. Structuralism 4. Textualists and deconstructionists 5. Speech-act and reader-response theory 6. Social sciences, philosophy, biblical studies 7. Orality, writing and being human 8. 'Media' versus human communication 9. The inward turn: consciousness and the text John Hartley: After Ongism: The Evolution of Networked Intelligence
481 citations
Book•
19 Apr 1983
TL;DR: This article explored the history of non-dramatic literature in performance from Homer to the present and examined the impact of orality on the written word and the translation of that impact into performance.
Abstract: Co-published with the Speech Communication Association, these thirty original essays explore the history of non-dramatic literature in performance from Homer to the present. Focusing on various historical perspectives, the essays examine the impact of orality on the written word and the translation of that impact into performance. Associate editors are Wallace A. Bacon, Eugene Bahn, Lee Hudson and Alethea S. Mattingly. Managing Editor is Jean Haskell Speer.
48 citations
TL;DR: Oral literature research entered Old English literature through Albert Lord's 1949 dissertation, eleven years later to become The Singer of Tales, and Francis P. Magoun, Jr's ensuing essay, "The Oral-Formulaic Character of Anglo-Saxon Narrative Poetry".
Abstract: Oral literature research entered Old English literature through Albert Lord's 1949 dissertation, eleven years later to become The Singer of Tales, and Francis P. Magoun, Jr's ensuing essay, ‘The Oral-Formulaic Character of Anglo-Saxon Narrative Poetry’.1 As I have pointed out elsewhere,2 these two scholars were not the first to identify and discuss the recurrent phrase or ‘formula’ in the poetry; German Higher Criticism of the nineteenth century had analysed the use of commonplaces of diction (or Parallelstellen) to try to determine authorship and to establish the text of various poems. What Lord and Magoun originated was the idea of an explicit and necessary connection between the formula, defined by Milman Parry as ‘a group of words regularly used under the same metrical conditions to express a given essential idea’,3 and a poem's orality. Following the lead of Parry's ground-breaking analyses of Homeric epic and the Parry–Lord field work on South Slavic oral epic, they and scholars following them reasoned that the source of formulaic structure lay in a tradition of oral verse-making and that formulaic phraseology was a kind of poetic idiom fashioned over generations by bards responding to the continual pressure of composition in performance. Only if his mind were well stocked with phrases of metrical shape – if, in short, he had learned his poetic language well – could an oral poet fluently tell his tale in the form of traditional verse.
15 citations
TL;DR: The Bakongo (Bandibu) oratorical practice: Examining a speech situation as mentioned in this paper is a well-known oratoric practice in the Bakongo language and can be found in many languages.
Abstract: (1983). The Bakongo (Bandibu) oratorical practice: Examining a speech situation. Ethnos: Vol. 48, No. 1-2, pp. 85-90.
2 citations
Journal Article•
1 citations
TL;DR: The Food Preference Inquiry (FPI) as discussed by the authors is a set of 103 items contrasting spicy vs bland foods, sweet vs sour foods, and soft vs hard foods, as well as one non-food item (whisper vs shout).
Abstract: The somatic aspects of the psychosexual stages have been used as points of departure for the elaboration of hypotheses testing psychoanalytic theoq. Wolowin. ( 4 ) inferred from the contiguity of che oral function and dependency in early infancy that differential food taste is related to corresponding psychological aspects ,of dependency. He used this maxim to develop the Food Preference Inquiry, a set of 103 items contrasting spicy vs bland foods, sweet vs sour foods, and soft vs hard foods. This inquiry has several inadequacies, namely, the inclusion of some items which do not permit a choice between two foods (\"eat soup\" vs \"not eat soup\"), as well as one non-food item (whisper vs shout). A simple tally yields a score which places the respondent on a dependent-sadistic continuum in orality. Validity studies reported include the differentiation of alcoholics vs nonalcoholics as dependent vs sadistic (3, 6 ) and the similar differentiation among gastro-intestinal ulcer patients vs non-ulcer patients (5, 7 ) . The flaw is the confounding effect of the conditions, both of which are medically-rather than psychoanalyticallydirect effects of the food intake by an individual. To determine the internal consistency, the scale was administered to 73 male and 122 female college students. The Kuder-Richardson-20 formula was then used, yielding a reliability index of .62 for men and .74 for women, suggesting that the inquiry has a fair degree of inter-item reliability. To determine its validity, the scale was administered to 41 male and 44 female students who also took the Rorschach. The Rorschach was then content scored for oralicy (which includes oral and dependent themes) and for sadism, using a lexical word-count approach which has been used in a variety of studies of psychoanalytic hypotheses. Inter-rater reliability has been shown to be high for the method ( 2 ) , and a description of the method and related validity studies are reported elsewhere ( 1 ) . The orality score on the Rorschach correlated weakly with the inquiry score in the expected direction for men (+ = .27, p = .04) but not for women ( r = -.18). The sadism score on the Rorschach did not correlate significantly with the inquiry score for men ( r = . l o ) or women ( s = .13). These results, although confirming that the inquiry is reliable for measuring differential food preference, do not support its use ac; a measure of the dependent-sadistic continuum derived from psychoanalytic theory.
1 citations
Book•
1 Jan 1983
TL;DR: Ong et al. as mentioned in this paper discuss the Pre-Canonical Synoptic Transmission (PCT) and the Mark-Os Oral Legacy (MOG) of Paul.
Abstract: Abbreviations Foreword by Walter J. Ong, S.J. Preface Introduction 1. The Pre-Canonical Synoptic Transmission 2. MarkOs Oral Legacy 3. Mark as Textuality 4. Orality and Textuality in Paul 5. Death and Life in the Word of God Bibliography Index of Passages Index of Authors