TL;DR: Molecular phylogenetic analyses of the family and its close relatives using a combined dataset of the nuclear ribosomal and chloroplast rbcL, matK, and trnL‐F regions strongly supported the monophyly of Opiliaceae.
Abstract: Opiliaceae are a pantropical family of the Santalales mainly distributed in the Old World with only one genus in the neotropics. Opiliaceae have remained taxonomically unresolved and the generic relationships within the family have been disputed. Here we conducted molecular phylogenetic analyses of the family and its close relatives using a combined data set of the nuclear ribosomal (SSU rDNA and LSU rDNA) and the chloroplast rbcL, matK and trnL-F regions. We also carried out a morphological phylogenetic analysis using 24 characters for all the species of Opiliaceae and three species in Santalaceae s.l. and Strombosiaceae as outgroups. Molecular analyses strongly supported the monophyly of Opiliaceae. Agonandra is sister to all the other genera of Opiliaceae. The remaining genera form two major clades: the Opilia clade (including Cansjera, Lepionurus, Opilia, Pentarhopalopilia, Rhopalopilia and Urobotrya), and the other consisting of Anthobolus plus the Champereia clade (including Champereia, Melientha and Yunnanopilia). We propose a new classification of Opiliaceae, recognizing 12 genera and four tribes, with the description of a new tribe, Champereieae Bing Liu, C.T. Le, L.M. Lu & Z.D. Chen.
TL;DR: Tests confirmed the dose-dependent cough-suppressive effect of Opilia polysaccharide comparable with activity of centrally acting codeine and revealed that its bronchodilatory mechanism is partially accompanied with enhanced NO production.
TL;DR: In this article, a systematic line plot technique was used for the establishment of sampling plots for floristic survey of woody trees species and shrubs and the abundance and diversity of flora and fauna species in the forest was analyzed.
Abstract: Forest structure assessment is vital in ensuring environmental function such as habitat provision for biodiversity and soil conservation. This study was carried out to assess the flora and fauna composition of a community forest. The systematic line plot technique was used for the establishment of sampling plots for floristic survey of woody trees species and shrubs. Direct observation and in-depth interview was adopted to acquire information on fauna species in the forest. The abundance and diversity of flora and fauna species in the forest was analyzed. The results reviewed a total 18 species in 13 families were recorded for woody plants, 12 species in 9 families were recorded for shrubs, 7 species in 6 families were recorded for climber and 16 species in 8 families were recorded for herbaceous plants. Pseudocedrela kotschyi , Chromolaena odorata , Opilia celtidifolia and Desmodium adscendens were the most abundance species for both trees, shrubs, climbers and herbaceous species respectively. Forty one species of fauna species within the class mammalian, aves, and reptile were indicated. Bird species form the major component of the animal species in the forest. It is suggested that forest reserve be protected from resource exploitation through monitoring and conservation education.