Abstract: In this paper we give several global characterisations of the Hormander class $$\Psi ^m(G)$$ of pseudo-differential operators on compact Lie groups in terms of the representation theory of the group. The result is applied to give criteria for the ellipticity and the global hypoellipticity of pseudo-differential operators in terms of their matrix-valued full symbols. Several examples of the first and second order globally hypoelliptic differential operators are given, in particular of operators that are locally not invertible nor hypoelliptic but globally are. Where the global hypoelliptiticy fails, one can construct explicit examples based on the analysis of the global symbols.

Abstract: This paper introduces a novel mathematical and computational framework, namely Log-Hilbert-Schmidt metric between positive definite operators on a Hilbert space. This is a generalization of the Log-Euclidean metric on the Riemannian manifold of positive definite matrices to the infinite-dimensional setting. The general framework is applied in particular to compute distances between co-variance operators on a Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space (RKHS), for which we obtain explicit formulas via the corresponding Gram matrices. Empirically, we apply our formulation to the task of multi-category image classification, where each image is represented by an infinite-dimensional RKHS covariance operator. On several challenging datasets, our method significantly outperforms approaches based on covariance matrices computed directly on the original input features, including those using the Log-Euclidean metric, Stein and Jeffreys divergences, achieving new state of the art results.

Abstract: In this paper, we set forth a new vision of reinforcement learning developed by us over the past few years, one that yields mathematically rigorous solutions to longstanding important questions that have remained unresolved: (i) how to design reliable, convergent, and robust reinforcement learning algorithms (ii) how to guarantee that reinforcement learning satisfies pre-specified "safety" guarantees, and remains in a stable region of the parameter space (iii) how to design "off-policy" temporal difference learning algorithms in a reliable and stable manner, and finally (iv) how to integrate the study of reinforcement learning into the rich theory of stochastic optimization. In this paper, we provide detailed answers to all these questions using the powerful framework of proximal operators. The key idea that emerges is the use of primal dual spaces connected through the use of a Legendre transform. This allows temporal difference updates to occur in dual spaces, allowing a variety of important technical advantages. The Legendre transform elegantly generalizes past algorithms for solving reinforcement learning problems, such as natural gradient methods, which we show relate closely to the previously unconnected framework of mirror descent methods. Equally importantly, proximal operator theory enables the systematic development of operator splitting methods that show how to safely and reliably decompose complex products of gradients that occur in recent variants of gradient-based temporal difference learning. This key technical innovation makes it possible to finally design "true" stochastic gradient methods for reinforcement learning. Finally, Legendre transforms enable a variety of other benefits, including modeling sparsity and domain geometry. Our work builds extensively on recent work on the convergence of saddle-point algorithms, and on the theory of monotone operators.

Abstract: In this paper, we construct sequences of Szasz–Mirakyan operators which are based on a function ρ. This function not only characterizes the operators but also characterizes the Korovkin set $${\left \{ 1,\rho ,\rho ^{2} \right \}}$$ in a weighted function space. We give theorems about convergence of these operators to the identity operator on weighted spaces which are constructed using the function ρ and which are subspaces of the space of continuous functions on $${\mathbb{R} ^{+}}$$ . We give quantitative type theorems in order to obtain the degree of weighted convergence with the help of a weighted modulus of continuity constructed using the function ρ. Further, we prove some shape-preserving properties of the operators such as the ρ-convexity and the monotonicity. Our results generalize the corresponding ones for the classical Szasz operators.

Abstract: In this paper, we investigate a detailed treatment of some subsets of essential spectra of a closed multivalued linear operator. On the following, we will establish some results on perturbation theory of 2 × 2 matrix of multivalued linear operators. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Abstract: In this note, we characterize the boundedness of the Volterra type operator T g and its related integral operator I g on analytic Morrey spaces. Furthermore, the norm and essential norm of those operators are given. As a corollary, we get the compactness of those operators.

Abstract: In this paper we study self-adjoint commuting ordinary differential operators of rank two. We find sufficient conditions when an operator of fourth order commuting with an operator of order 4g+2 is self-adjoint. We introduce an equation on potentials V(x),W(x) of the self-adjoint operator \(L=(\partial_{x}^{2}+V)^{2}+W\) and some additional data. With the help of this equation we find the first example of commuting differential operators of rank two corresponding to a spectral curve of higher genus. These operators have polynomial coefficients and define commutative subalgebras of the first Weyl algebra.

Abstract: We present some characterizations for the boundedness of the generalized fractional integral operators on Morrey spaces. The characterizations follow from two key estimates, one for the norm of some functions in Morrey spaces, and another for the values of the corresponding fractional integrals. We prove three theorems about necessary and sufficient conditions. We show that these theorems are independent by giving some examples. We also obtain counterparts for the weak generalized Morrey spaces.

Abstract: We generalize the notion of narrow operators to nonlinear maps on vector lattices. The main objects are orthogonally additive operators and, in particular, abstract Uryson operators. Most of the results extend known theorems obtained by O. Maslyuchenko, V. Mykhaylyuk and the second named author published in Positivity 13:459–495 (2009) for linear operators. For instance, we prove that every orthogonally additive laterally-to-norm continuous C-compact operator from an atomless Dedekind complete vector lattice to a Banach space is narrow. Another result asserts that the set \({\mathcal U}_{on}^{lc}(E,F)\) of all order narrow laterally continuous abstract Uryson operators is a band in the vector lattice of all laterally continuous abstract Uryson operators from an atomless vector lattice \(E\) with the principal projection property to a Dedekind complete vector lattice \(F\). The band generated by the disjointness preserving laterally continuous abstract Uryson operators is the orthogonal complement to \({\mathcal U}_n^{lc}(E,F)\).

Abstract: In this work we establish the weak (1,1) continuity for pseudo-differential operators with symbols in toroidal $$(1,\delta )$$ classes.

Abstract: The dual purpose of this article is to establish bilinear Poincare-type estimates associated with an approximation of the identity and to explore the connections between bilinear pseudo-differential operators and bilinear potential-type operators. The common underlying theme in both topics is their applications to Leibniz-type rules in Sobolev and Campanato–Morrey spaces under Sobolev scaling.

Abstract: We consider one-dimensional Schrodinger-type operators in a bounded interval with non-self-adjoint Robin-type boundary conditions. It is well known that such operators are generically conjugate to normal operators via a similarity transformation. Motivated by recent interests in quasi-Hermitian Hamiltonians in quantum mechanics, we study properties of the transformations and similar operators in detail. In the case of parity and time reversal boundary conditions, we establish closed integral-type formulae for the similarity transformations, derive a non-local self-adjoint operator similar to the Schrodinger operator and also find the associated “charge conjugation” operator, which plays the role of fundamental symmetry in a Krein-space reformulation of the problem.

Abstract: Using systematic calculations in spinor language, we obtain simple descriptions of the second order symmetry operators for the conformal wave equation, the Dirac-Weyl equation and the Maxwell equation on a curved four dimensional Lorentzian manifold The conditions for existence of symmetry operators for the different equations are seen to be related Computer algebra tools have been developed and used to systematically reduce the equations to a form which allows geometrical interpretation

Abstract: We introduce a notion of generalized Triebel-Lizorkin spaces associated with sectorial operators in Banach function spaces. Our approach is based on holo- morphic functional calculus techniques. Using the concept of Rs-sectorial operators, which in turn is based on the notion of Rs-bounded sets of operators introduced by Lutz Weis, we obtain a neat theory including equivalence of various norms and a pre- cise description of real and complex interpolation spaces. Another main result of this article is that an Rs-sectorial operator always has a bounded H ∞ -functional calculus in its associated generalized Triebel-Lizorkin spaces.

Abstract: We characterize the bounded, compact, and Schatten class product of Volterra type integral and composition operators acting between weighted Fock spaces. Our results are expressed in terms of certain Berezin type integral transforms on the complex plane ℂ. We also estimate the norms and essential norms of these operators in terms of the integral transforms. All our results are valid for weighted composition operators when acting between the class of weighted Fock spaces considered.

Abstract: In this paper we present a family of analysis and synthesis systems of operators with frame-like properties for the range of a bounded operator on a separable Hilbert space. This family of operators is called a Θ–g-frame, where Θ is a bounded operator on a Hilbert space. Θ–g-frames are a generalization of g-frames, which allows to reconstruct elements from the range of Θ. In general, range of Θ is not a closed subspace. We also construct new Θ–g-frames by considering Θ–g-frames for its components. We further study Riesz decompositions for Hilbert spaces, which are a generalization of the notion of Riesz bases. We define the coefficient operators of a Riesz decomposition and we will show that these coefficient operators are continuous projections. We obtain some results about stability of Riesz decompositions under small perturbations.

Abstract: This paper characterizes unitary weighted composition operators and their spectrum on the Fock space of \(\mathbb{C }^n\).

Abstract: The Sz.-Nagy--Foias model theory for $C_{\cdot 0}$ contraction operators combined with the Beurling-Lax theorem establishes a correspondence between any two of four kinds of objects: shift-invariant subspaces, operator-valued inner functions, conservative discrete-time input/state/output linear systems, and $C_{\cdot 0}$ Hilbert-space contraction operators. We discuss an analogue of all these ideas in the context of weighted Hardy spaces over the unit disk and an associated class of hypercontraction operators.

Abstract: We present two novel results about Hilbert space operators which are nilpotent of order two. First, we prove that such operators are indestructible complex symmetric operators, in the sense that tensoring them with any operator yields a complex symmetric operator. In fact, we prove that this property characterizes nilpotents of order two among all nonzero bounded operators. Second, we establish that every nilpotent of order two is unitarily equivalent to a truncated Toeplitz operator.

Abstract: We present several versions of Regularized Combined Field Integral Equation (CFIER) formulations for the solution of three dimensional frequency domain electromagnetic scattering problems with Perfectly Electric Conducting (PEC) boundary conditions. Just as in the Combined Field Integral Equations (CFIE), we seek the scattered fields in the form of a combined magnetic and electric dipole layer potentials that involves a composition of the latter type of boundary layers with regularizing operators. The regularizing operators are of two types: (1) modified versions of electric field integral operators with complex wavenumbers, and (2) principal symbols of those operators in the sense of pseudodifferential operators. We show that the boundary integral operators that enter these CFIER formulations are Fredholm of the second kind, and invertible with bounded inverses in the classical trace spaces of electromagnetic scattering problems. We present a spectral analysis of CFIER operators with regularizing operators that have purely imaginary wavenumbers for spherical geometries—we refer to these operators as Calderon–Ikawa CFIER. Under certain assumptions on the coupling constants and the absolute values of the imaginary wavenumbers of the regularizing operators, we show that the ensuing Calderon–Ikawa CFIER operators are coercive for spherical geometries. These properties allow us to derive wavenumber explicit bounds on the condition numbers of Calderon–Ikawa CFIER operators. When regularizing operators with complex wavenumbers with non-zero real parts are used—we refer to these operators as Calderon-Complex CFIER, we show numerical evidence that those complex wavenumbers can be selected in a manner that leads to CFIER formulations whose condition numbers can be bounded independently of frequency for spherical geometries. In addition, the Calderon-Complex CFIER operators possess excellent spectral properties in the high-frequency regime for both convex and non-convex scatterers. We provide numerical evidence that our solvers based on fast, high-order Nystrom discretization of these equations converge in very small numbers of GMRES iterations, and the iteration counts are virtually independent of frequency for several smooth scatterers with slowly varying curvatures.