Topic
Open terrain
About: Open terrain is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 88 publications have been published within this topic receiving 1819 citations.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
TL;DR: It is concluded that measures such as median, normalized median absolute deviation, and sample quantiles should be used in the accuracy assessment of Digital Elevation Models, and how large a sample size is needed is discussed to obtain sufficiently precise estimates of the new accuracy measures.
Abstract: Measures for the accuracy assessment of Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) are discussed and characteristics of DEMs derived from laser scanning and automated photogrammetry are presented. Such DEMs are very dense and relatively accurate in open terrain. Built-up and wooded areas, however, need automated filtering and classification in order to generate terrain (bare earth) data when Digital Terrain Models (DTMs) have to be produced. Automated processing of the raw data is not always successful. Systematic errors and many outliers at both methods (laser scanning and digital photogrammetry) may therefore be present in the data sets. We discuss requirements for the reference data with respect to accuracy and propose robust statistical methods as accuracy measures. Their use is illustrated by application at four practical examples. It is concluded that measures such as median, normalized median absolute deviation, and sample quantiles should be used in the accuracy assessment of such DEMs. Furthermore, the question is discussed how large a sample size is needed in order to obtain sufficiently precise estimates of the new accuracy measures and relevant formulae are presented.
694 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reviewed and analyzed over six decades of work pertaining to interference effects and proposed a generalized set of guidelines that will be of practical use to building designers and planners.
208 citations
TL;DR: In this article, transient wind loads on a one-story, gable-roofed building in a laboratory-simulated tornado and compares them with the provisions of building standards are presented.
Abstract: Current design wind loads for buildings and other structures are based upon model tests in low-speed boundary-layer wind tunnels that generate straight-line winds. Winds resulting from tornadoes that can occur during extreme weather events such as thunderstorms or hurricanes differ greatly from conventionally conceived atmospheric boundary-layer winds. This paper presents transient wind loads on a one-story, gable-roofed building in a laboratory-simulated tornado and compares them with the provisions of building standards. Tornadoes were simulated in smooth, open terrain with vortex core diameters from roughly five to twelve times the plan dimension of the building model (0.46 to 1.06 m). A 1:100 scale model of a building with dimensions of 9.1 m×9.1 m×6.6 m and gable roof angle of 35° was used for this study. Comparisons of peak loads measured in this study showed that tornado-like vortices can generate load coefficients greater than those prescribed by ASCE 7-05 for straight-line wind over open terrain....
176 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the problem of plume dispersion around urban buildings has been investigated by physical modeling using arrays of building-like obstacles at two scales (1/100 and 1/10) in a boundary layer wind tunnel and at a field site.
136 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, scaled field measurements have been made of the dispersion of a plume released upwind of regular arrays of cubes of varying plan area density, and the lateral concentration profiles were Gaussian in all cases.
102 citations
Related Topics (5)
Performance Metrics
| Year | Papers |
|---|---|
| 2021 | 5 |
| 2020 | 1 |
| 2019 | 5 |
| 2018 | 7 |
| 2017 | 2 |
| 2016 | 4 |