Omphalodes

Abstract: The present study redefines the systematic arrangement and taxonomic status of some anoplocephaline cestodes previously allocated among the genera Andrya Railliet, 1893. Paranoplacephala Luhe, 1910, and Aprostatandrya Kirshenblat, 1938. Comparisons indicated that Paranoplocephala omphalodes (Hermann, 1783), type species of Paranoplocephala, differs morphologically from its congeners, all of which conform to the diagnosis of the genus Anoplocephaloides Baer, 1923, hitherto considered a synonym of Paranoplocephala, and that it cannot be distinguished at the generic level from Aprostatandrya macrocephala (Douthitt, 1915), type of the genus Aprostatandrya. The distinction between Andrya and Aprostatandrya based on the presence or absence of a "prostate gland" does not exist, for neither the type species of Andrya, A; rhopalocephala (Riehm, 1881), nor A. cuniculi (Blanchard, 1891) possesses such an organ; rather, the structure of the external seminal vesicle in these cestodes does not differ fundamentally from that in P. omphalodes or in species of Aprostatandrya. Based on these findings, Aprostatandrya Kirshenbalt, 1938 is placed in synonymy with Paranoplocephala Luhe, 1910, and Anoplocephaloides Baer, 1923 is restored to contain all species other than P. omphalodes formerly allocated to the genus. Paranoplocephala. If the pattern of development of the uterus in A. rhopalocephala is found to be like that in P. omphalodes, Paranoplocephala Luhe, 1910 will in turn also become a synonym of Andrya Railliet, 1893. Three additional species of Anoplocephaloides are described, and the zoogeography of Anoplocephaloides spp. and their mammalian hosts is briefly discussed.

Abstract: Omphalodes (Boraginaceae s.s., Cynoglosseae s.l.) comprises ca. 29 species of annual and perennial plants distributed in three main disjunct areas: Western Palearctic, Japan and SW of North America. This paper uses micromorphological and DNA data to re-assess the monophyly and taxonomy of the genus. Morphological characters of 15 species of Omphalodes and four closely-related genera were analysed using SEM. A total of 82 ITS and 68 trn L –trn F sequences were newly sequenced, including 14 species of Omphalodes and three genera of the tribe Cynoglosseae. Phylogenetic analyses of 57 genera (186 species) of Boraginaceae indicated that Omphalodes as currently circumscribed is formed by three independent lineages, which were supported by morphological characters of the fruit. As a result, and in the interest of a more natural classification, two new genera are described to accommodate Omphalodes scorpioides ( Memoremea ) from Europe and the Japanese species ( Nihon ). Memoremea is distinguished from all the other species previously included in Omphalodes by the apical attachment scar and the hollow nutlet margin. Nihon is easily discriminated by the abrupt change of margin ornamentation towards the nutlet aperture. We also provided a taxonomic treatment that proposes the lowest number of nomenclature changes, although six new combinations are required.

Abstract: Nomenclatural types for 26 names in the Boraginaceae genera Caccinia Savi, Cerinthe L., Cynoglossum L., Echium L., Lithospermum L., Myosotis L., Omphalodes Mill. and Onosma L., validly published by Italian botanists from Domenico Viviani to Adriano Fiori, are newly designated. Most of these names apply to taxa of the Eurasiatic flora which are accepted in the modern taxonomic and floristic literature. The new combinations Buglossoides incrassata (Guss.) I.M. Johnst. subsp. splitgerberi (Guss.) E. Zippel & Selvi and Omphalodes rupestris Rupr. ex Boiss. subsp. lojkae (Sommier & Levier) Selvi are proposed, and the new species Myosotis graui Selvi, previously known under the misapplied name M. ambigens (Beg.) Grau, is described.