TL;DR: A new method for the synthesis of catenanes with a controlled number of rings in satisfactory yields is reported, exemplified by a five-ring DNA catenane that exists in four different configurations and the use of nucleic acids as "fuels" and "antifuels" is demonstrated.
Abstract: Interlocked DNA rings (catenanes) are interesting reconfigurable nanostructures. The synthesis of catenanes with more than two rings is, however, hampered, owing to low yields of these systems. We report a new method for the synthesis of catenanes with a controlled number of rings in satisfactory yields. Our approach is exemplified by the synthesis of a five- ring DNA catenane that exists in four different configurations. By the use of nucleic acids as "fuels" and "antifuels", the cyclic reconfiguration of the system across four states is demon- strated. One of the states, olympiadane, corresponds to the symbol of the Olympic Games. The five-ring catenane was implemented as a mechanical scaffold for the reconfiguration of Au NPs. The advantages of DNA catenanes over supra- molecular catenanes include the possibility of generating highly populated defined states and the feasibility of tethering nanoobjects to the catenanes, which act as a mechanical scaffold to reconfigure the nanoobjects. The base sequence in DNA encodes substantial structural and functional information in the biopolymer. This encoded information provides the basis for the development of the area of DNA nanotechnology and has been extensively used
TL;DR: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the year 2016 was awarded to three illustrious chemists, Professors Jean-Pierre Sauvage, Sir Fraser Stoddart, and Ben Feringa as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the year 2016 was awarded to three illustrious chemists, Professors Jean-Pierre Sauvage, Sir Fraser Stoddart, and Ben Feringa. Pioneering works of these chemists on designing molecules, chemically synthesizing them, and extracting a work out of such designed molecules open-up a new area of chemistry in a paradigm shifting manner. Beginning with controlling the molecular motions, particularly involving interlocked macrocycles in late 1980s, the advancement progressed to envelop energy storage and retrieval, and varieties of examples around the concept. Molecular motion alone can also be a rich source for such a work output has also been established. These developments possess the required momentum to uncover a new area of chemistry, wherein energy input-output can be used beneficially to conduct a useful work, in a close analogy to machines such as an electric motor.
TL;DR: In this paper, the construction of catenanes, comprised of between two and seven interlocked rings, has been achieved, and two tris-1,5-naphtho-57-crown-15 macrocycles template the formation of cyclobis(paraquat-4,4‘-biphenylene) to give a [3]catenane, which acts as a template for the constructions of one and then another cyclecyclobis (para-p-phenylene), giving a [4]- and [5]
Abstract: The construction of catenanes, comprised of between two and seven interlocked rings, has been achieved. Two tris-1,5-naphtho-57-crown-15 macrocycles template the formation of cyclobis(paraquat-4,4‘-biphenylene) to give a [3]catenane, which acts as a template for the construction of one and then another cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene) to give a [4]- and [5]catenane (Olympiadane). When high pressure was used in these templated syntheses, a [6]- and [7]catenane, as well as a [5]catenane that is topologically isomeric with Olympiadane, were also obtained. X-ray analyses of the [3]-, [5]-, and [7]catenanes reveal an optimum use of electrostatic, π−π stacking, [C−H···π] interactions, and [C−H···O] hydrogen bonds in the organization of the component rings within the molecules. Noteworthy in the [7]catenane structure is the location of four of the PF6- anions within voids present in the 20+ ion. Temperature-dependent 1H NMR spectroscopic studies and electrochemical investigations have revealed the dynamic and redo...