Showing papers on "Olfaction published in 1982"
TL;DR: An electronic nose constructed using semiconductor transducers and incorporating design features suggested by the proposal can reproducibly discriminate between a wide variety of odours, and its properties show that discrimination in an olfactory system could be achieved without the use of highly specific receptors.
Abstract: Olfaction exhibits both high sensitivity for odours and high discrimination between them. We suggest that to make fine discriminations between complex odorant mixtures containing varying ratios of odorants without the necessity for highly specialized peripheral receptors, the olfactory systems makes use of feature detection using broadly tuned receptor cells organized in a convergent neurone pathway. As a test of this hypothesis we have constructed an electronic nose using semiconductor transducers and incorporating design features suggested by our proposal. We report here that this device can reproducibly discriminate between a wide variety of odours, and its properties show that discrimination in an olfactory system could be achieved without the use of highly specific receptors.
1,524 citations
591 citations
TL;DR: In this article, four experiments were conducted to determine the chemosensory modality that supports ultrasonic courtship vocalizations by male mice to females and to chemosignals from females.
163 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that cognitive aspects of olfaction are not essential for pregnancy block to occur and that in mice the dual olfactory systems are functional as well as anatomically distinct.
144 citations
1 Jan 1982
TL;DR: It is concluded that homing pigeons, when deprived of their sense of smell, are unable to navigate, but are still motivated to home.
Abstract: A critical evaluation of the available evidence allows one to conclude that homing pigeons, when deprived of their sense of smell, are unable to navigate, but are still motivated to home. As shown by a long series of experiments, the map component of the navigational mechanism is acquired by picking up wind-borne olfactory information at the loft. This enables pigeons to use local olfactory cues within a limited range; beyond this range they appear to rely on olfactory cues picked up during the outward journey. The idea that pigeons use multiple cues, none of them essential to navigation, but of different importance over different geographic areas, is not further tenable.
99 citations
TL;DR: The results indicate that the vomeronasal system is directly involved in the perception of the male chemosignals modulating agonistic behavior and, therefore, is capable of modulating the male's response to these signals.
71 citations
TL;DR: The Olfactory function in the early postnatal life seems to be solely ascribed to the olfactory epithelium under these morphodifferentiation though the vomeronasal organ might be related with some kind of olfaction after this period.
Abstract: Development of the vomeronasal organ in the golden hamster was chronologically examined by light and electron microscopy. This organ was embryologically derived from the olfactory placode and appeared as a tubular structure of the neuroepithelium on the medial wall of the nasal pit on either side at 11 days of gestation. At 12 days of gestation, this organ was completely separated from the nasal cavity and encircled by the immature vomeronasal cartilage. At 13 days of gestation, within the organ, the respiratory epithelium became easily distinguishable from the sensory epithelium. At 14 days of gestation the venous sinus and Jacobson's glands appeared, and this organ was equipped with all the histological components until birth. This organ began to communicate with the nasal cavity at 2 days after birth. The sensoly epithelium of this organ consisted of undifferentiated cells in the early fetal life. These stem cells were gradually differentiated into sensory and supporting cells. These cells were rather slowly maturated in their fine structure. For example, only some sensory cells became first provided with microvilli on their free surface at 8 days after birth. Even at 10 days after birth, some sensory cells were still devoid of microvilli and undifferentiated cells were sometimes observed in the sensory epithelium as well. Therefore, the olfactory function in the early postnatal life seems to be solely ascribed to the olfactory epithelium under these morphodifferentiation though the vomeronasal organ might be related with some kind of olfaction after this period.
41 citations
TL;DR: In all cases, a response to the exposure odor, although reduced in amplitude, was evident 6 min after the exposure had been terminated, and was always followed by a gradual recovery in the amplitude of the response.
40 citations
TL;DR: The presence of LH- RH-immunoreactivity in presynaptic elements supports a neuromodulatory role for LH-RH as the accessory olfactory system is critically involved in the initiation of mating behavior of the male golden hamster and may function to regulate reproductive behavior.
30 citations
TL;DR: The anatomy, physiology and function of the Olfactory system are reviewed, as are the normal effects of olfactory stimulation, and it is speculated that olfaction may have important but unobtrusive effects on human behavior.
Abstract: The anatomy, physiology and function of the olfactory system are reviewed, as are the normal effects of olfactory stimulation. It is speculated that olfaction may have important but unobtrusive effects on human behavior.
23 citations
TL;DR: In these bAC rats almost usual awaking influences were noted, however, the odor of conspecifics became as efficient as fox odor to awake the animals, pointing out the great inhibitory influence that the anterior commissure exerts on the olfactory bulb activity.
TL;DR: It is shown for the first time that impairment in olfaction by antennectomy affects feeding intensity, which suggests probable integration of olfactory and gustatory inputs in eliciting maximal/optimal feeding response.
Abstract: Olfaction plays a key role in host location and possibly also in host preference in a highly polyphagous insect, the Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica Newman. Moreover, this study also shows for the first time that impairment in olfaction by antennectomy affects feeding intensity. This suggests probable integration of olfactory and gustatory inputs in eliciting maximal/optimal feeding response.
1 Jan 1982
TL;DR: The evidence, limited as it still is, clearly supports olfaction as a functioning sense in some birds and as a potential one in all others.
Abstract: The anatomical and functional characteristics of the avian olfactory system are reviewed. All species examined have olfactory receptor cells, olfactory nerves, and olfactory bulbs at the frontal pole of the brain. The proportional sizes of olfactory structures vary widely among species but even the smallest give typical mammalian responses to odor stimuli. Only the pigeon’s central olfactory pathway has been described, using anatomical and physiological techniques, and it involves many forebrain sites. In addition to pigeon homing, olfaction has been strongly implicated in both foraging and returning to home islands and burrows by various procellariiforms, in homing of the European Swift (Apus apus L.), and in foraging by the Kiwi (Apteryx australis) and the Turkey Vulture (Cathartes aura). The evidence, limited as it still is, clearly supports olfaction as a functioning sense in some birds and as a potential one in all others.
TL;DR: In a 2-choice situation, Mongolian gerbil pups show a preference for home-cage bedding oder that appears during the 2nd postnatal week and is consistently high between Days 8 and 14, indicating that olfaction helps displaced pups to return to their nests.
Abstract: In a 2-choice situation, Mongolian gerbil pups show a preference for home-cage bedding odor that appears during the 2nd postnatal week and is consistently high between Days 8 and 14. Pups show responses to certain nonanimal odors as early as Day 4, indicating that the motor capacity to orient to odors precedes the emergence of nest odor preference. Increases in pups' nest odor preference appear to parallel increases in the frequency of maternal nest-building, an activity which can eject pups from the nest. This coincidence suggests that olfaction helps displaced pups to return to their nests.
1 Jan 1982
TL;DR: The spontaneous activity of nerve cells in the pigeon brain and their responses to electrical stimulation of the olfactory nerve are described and have important implications for elucidating the role of olfaction in sensory guidance mechanisms.
Abstract: The spontaneous activity of nerve cells in the pigeon brain and their responses to electrical stimulation of the olfactory nerve are described. The interconnections of cell populations in the olfactory pathway have important implications for elucidating the role of olfaction in sensory guidance mechanisms. Response properties of single cells offer many possibilities for information coding.
TL;DR: Electro-physiological studies revealed that antennal olfactory receptor cells were significantly more responsive to (1S, 5R)-(−)-frontalin than to ( 1R, 5S)-(+)- frontalin, which suggests that each cell possesses at least two types of enantiomer-specific acceptors.
Abstract: In laboratory and field bioassays, the response ofDendroctonus frontalis was significantly greater to the mixture of (1S, 5R)-(−)-frontalin andalpha-pinene than to (1R,5S)-(+)-frontalin andalpfa-pinene. Electro-physiological studies revealed that antennal olfactory receptor cells were significantly more responsive to (1S, 5R)-(−)-frontalin than to (1R, 5S)-(+)-frontalin. Both enantiomers stimulated the same olfactory cells which suggests that each cell possesses at least two types of enantiomer-specific acceptors.
TL;DR: Studies examining the olfaction of patients with brain damage for the purpose of discerning correlations between disordered structure and function were reviewed, including those with neurological disorders and neurosurgical interventions and recording of spontaneous or elicited neuronal activity.
TL;DR: Electrode arrays were implanted epidurally on the olfactory bulbs of rabbits for EEG recording, and EEG spatial patterns did not reflect conformal mapping of odor stimulus to neural activity response, but were determined by state variables of the animal related to Olfactory conditioning history.
Abstract: Electrode arrays (8 × 8, 3.5 × 3.5 mm) were implanted epidurally on the olfactory bulbs of rabbits for EEG recording. The rabbits were trained to give a conditioned response to a warning odor paired with an electric shock. EEGs were recorded and edited, and representative ERG bursts with odor and preceding the odor were selected for measurement. Each burst was displayed in a contour map of amplitude. The contour maps revealed active EEG foci in the bulb with size, shape and location unique to each rabbit. Changes in shape and location took place only during familiarization and during training, when a warning odor was paired with the aversive stimulus. The EEG spatial patterns did not change when visual or auditory stimuli were used as CS. EEG spatial patterns did not reflect conformal mapping of odor stimulus to neural activity response, but were determined by state variables of the animal related to olfactory conditioning history. The implications for human EEG are briefly discussed.
TL;DR: A method has been developed for visualizing the patterns of uptake of radioactive 2-deoxyglucose induced in the glomerular layer of rat Olfactory bulbs by various olfactory stimuli.