Showing papers on "Olfaction published in 1979"
TL;DR: In this paper, the activation of separate groups of cells by the different pheromones and host compounds was analyzed and it was shown that behaviorally expressed synergistic as well as inhibitory action mainly is due to an interaction in the central nervous system rather than an interaction of the compounds on the receptors.
Abstract: Electrophysiological recordings inIps pini were made from single olfactory cells stimulated by six concentrations of eleven compounds—either pheromones or host constituents. The receptor cells were grouped according to their differential responses to these biologically significant compounds. Cells specialized to either ipsdienol or ipsenol (pheromones for severalIps species) appeared to be relatively uniform in their sensitivity to all compounds tested. Another group of cells specialized tocis- andtrans-verbenol were more variable in their sensitivities to the substances tested. The activation of separate groups of cells by the different pheromones and host compounds shows (by exclusion) that behaviorally expressed syner-gistic as well as inhibitory action mainly is due to an interaction in the central nervous system rather than an interaction of the compounds on the receptors. All “ipsdienol cells” responded to both enantiomers of ipsdienol. Although some differences between responses to the enantiomers by individual cells were observed, these did not form a consistent pattern, and no net differences could be found between the eastern and western populations ofI. pint.
58 citations
46 citations
TL;DR: It is proposed that the camphor receptor is a membrane protein containing sulfhydryl groups and playing a key role in olfactory reception.
41 citations
TL;DR: Rat pups injected subcutaneously with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) showed reduced preference for a familiar combination of conspecific and botanical odors when subsequently tested in a two-choice situation, and drug treatment did not influence preference for the simple botanical odor.
Abstract: Rat pups injected subcutaneously with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) showed reduced preference for a familiar combination of conspecific and botanical odors when subsequently tested in a two-choice situation. However, drug treatment did not influence preference for the simple botanical odor. 6-OHDA also reduced norepinephrine (NE) concentrations in the forebrain and the olfactory bulbs. The data implicate NE in the ontogeny of the acquired responses to conspecific odors.
29 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that in the final discrimination of sodium salts the sense of taste is dominant but olfaction or the olfactory bulb may have a minor role.
13 citations
TL;DR: The loss of the sense of olfaction in the lesioned gerbils was demonstrated by 2 tests in which the animals did not investigate conspecific odors or seek food odors.
12 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The present data indicate that proposed effects of olfactory stimulation are more limited than was previously believed, and possible implications for clinical practice and suggestions for further study are presented.
Abstract: The therapeutic significance of limbic system structures in general, and olfactory structures specifically, has been described by Fox, Ayres, Moore, and Farber in their professional presentations and publications. No data have yet been provided to substantiate claims of the effects of olfactory stimulation on muscle activity. Effects of olfactory stimulation on human muscle activity at rest were studied in seven normal children and seven normal adults. Upper trapezius, biceps brachii, rectus abdominis, and rectus femoris were monitored electromyographically for changes in muscle action potentials using peppermint oil and smelling salts in each of three positions--supine, seated quietly, and standing. Trapezius showed the greatest responsiveness in relation to other muscles. Using peppermint oil, only 18 out of 168 or 10.7 percent of the EMG recordings showed changes in muscle activity. Using smelling salts, only 21 out of 168 or 12.5 percent of the EMG recordings showed changes in muscle activity. Directional effects of peppermint oil could not be predicted, whereas stimulation with smelling salts, when effective, generally produced increased muscle activity. Children were more responsive to olfactory agents than were adults. Sex of subjects did not seem to effect the distribution of responses. When smelling salts was presented as an initial stimulus, subjects showed a greater responsiveness to all stimuli. The present data indicate that proposed effects of olfactory stimulation are more limited than was previously believed. Possible implications for clinical practice and suggestions for further study are presented.
11 citations
Book•
1 Jan 1979
TL;DR: The complex of volatiles, rather than one single compound, is essential for long-range olfactory orientation of the Colorado beetle towards its host plant.
Abstract: Long-range olfactory orientation of the adult Colorado beetle was studied in a low- speed wind tunnel. The odour of fully grown potato plants elicits an upwind locomotory response in Colorado beetles (odour-conditioned positive anemotaxis), and increases the beetles' speed of locomotion (direct chemo-orthokinesis). The initial olfactory orientation of the Colorado beetle during its search for food, is mainly directed towards solanaceous plant species, thus restricting the final part of host plant selection. Chemical analysis of potato leaf essential oil revealed the complex of general green leaf volatiles. In the potato leaf odour this complex is composed of cis-3-hexen-1-ol, cis-3-hexenylacetate, trans-2-hexenal and trans-2-hexen-1-ol. The olfactory antennal receptor system of the Colorado beetle is sensitively tuned to the reception of these volatiles, and the single olfactory receptors respond differentially to these component stimuli of potato leaf odour. When their particular ratio in the potato leaf odour has been changed, the beetles no longer react with an odour-conditioned positive anemotaxis. The complex of volatiles, rather than one single compound, is essential for long-range olfactory orientation of the Colorado beetle towards its host plant. The general green leaf volatiles probably occur as important constituents of leaf odours attractive to various phytophagous insects.
10 citations
TL;DR: Upon exposure to low levels of various volatile compounds such as n-heptanol, methanol, CHCl3, mercaptoheptane, etc., the sporangiophore of Phycomycesblakesleeanus responds with a transient and reproducible decrease in its elongation rate.
7 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The functional olfactory epithelium of the sheep measures 183.62 cm2 with 302.41 .
Abstract: The functional olfactory epithelium of the sheep measures 183.62 cm2 with 302.41 . 10(6) olfactory cells. Their thickness varies between 4 and 9/1,000 micron 2 on an average and achieves in the Ethmoturbinale a unique maximum of 67/1,000 micron 2. In thinly crowded parts of the turbinalia the olfactory cells are mostly differentiated in pericaryon, dendrit, neck and capitulum, whereas in the densely crowded ethmoturbinale there are 4 zones of pericaryons one above the other, there is no neck, the capitula are longishly formed and mostly lie in the epithelium. Plasma conjugations at the basis of the capitula could also be observed. The olfactory ability is promoted by the widespread distribution of the olfactory cells. The certain recognition of mother and youngster should be effected by means of the olfactory sense, like ovis musimon, the primitive form of the sheep, does.
3 citations
TL;DR: The phenomenon of stronger aversions to lithium chloride injections if the drug is administered in two small injections 35 min apart is consistent with recently-proposed models of conditioning and suggests that the differential effectiveness of various drugs in taste aversion conditioning may be related to differences in the time course of the unconditioned drug effects.
TL;DR: Periodic movements of the olfactory organs, known as "flicking," temporally enhance the response of the Olfactory receptors of the spiny lobster to changes in stimulus concentration.
Abstract: Periodic movements of the olfactory organs, known as "flicking," temporally enhance the response of the olfactory receptors of the spiny lobster to changes in stimulus concentration. This reflex provides the lobster with a physiological mechanism to compensate for the indiscrete temporal nature of chemical stimuli.
TL;DR: The equivocal evidence claiming a vestigial or absent organ in humans is reviewed and based upon anatomical considerations, the sensory epithelium of Jacobson's organ is one of five possible sensory components within the nasal cavity.