Oeneis

Abstract: A catalogue of butterflies of Russia and adjacent countries is given, with special account to the name-bearing types depository. This catalogue contains data about 86 species (3 of them are questionable) of Hesperiidae (22 genera); 47 species of Papilionidae (14 genera); 89 species of Pieridae (5 of them are questionable) (15 genera); 1 species (1 genus) of Libytheinae(dae); 2 species of Danainae(dae) (2 genera); 160 species of Nymphalinae(dae) (1 of them is questionable) (23 genera); 259 species of Satyrinae(dae) (14 of them are questionable, mainly from genera Oeneis and Pseudochazara ) (34 genera); 3 species of Riodinidae (2 genera); 318 species of Lycaenidae (11 of them are questionable, mainly from genera Neolycaena and Plebeius ) (57 genera). In total: 965 species of butterflies, 174 genera, by countries: Armenia—244, Azerbaijan—225, Belarus—107, Estonia—113, Georgia—211, Kyrgyzstan—316, Kazakhstan—344, Latvia—115, Lituania—126, Moldova—87, Russia—522, Tajikistan—295, Turkmenistan—159, Ukraine—192, Uzbekistan—241. Detailed distribution and subspecific structure (if present) for every species is provided. Lectotypes of the following species-group taxa are designated: Hesperia poggei Lederer, 1858, Parnassius felderi Bremer, 1861, P. eversmanni Eversmann, 1851, P. boedromius Pungeler, 1901, Limenitis moltrechti Kardakov, 1928, L. sydyi Kindermann, 1853, L. amphyssa Menetries, 1859, L. doerriesi Staudinger, 1892, L. helmanni duplicata Staudinger, 1892, L. homeyeri Tancre, 1881, Argynnis penelope Staudinger, 1891, A. thore borealis Staudinger, 1861, Vanessa io geisha Stichel, [1908], Melitaea maturna staudingeri Wnukowsky, 1929 (= uralensis Staudinger, 1871), M. didymina Staudinger, 1895, Papilio fascelis Esper, 1783, Thecla quercivora Staudinger, 1887, Lycaena orion var. ornata Staudinger, 1892. The following nomenclatural acts are established: Neolycaena submontana baitenovi (Zhdanko, 2011), comb. et stat.n. The following new synonymy is provided: Hesperia comma repugnans (Staudinger, 1892) = lena Korshunov et Gorbunov, 1995, syn.n.; Argynnis niobe orientalis Alpheraky, 1881 = ornata Staudinger, 1901, syn.n. = tanjusha Zhdanko, 2011, syn.n.; Boloria frigga gibsoni (Barnes & Benjamin, 1926) = kosarevi Korb, 2011, syn.n., B. erubescens houri Wyatt, 1961 = ancilla Churkin, 2004, syn.n.; Melitaea fergana maracandica Staudinger, 1882 = irinae Churkin, Kolesnichenko et Tremasov, 2012, syn.n.; M. asteroida clara Staudinger, 1887 = ludmilla Churkin, Kolesnichenko et Tuzov, 2000, syn.n.; Paralasa jordana jordana (Staudinger, 1882) = khramovi Churkin et Pletnev, 2012, syn.n.; P. jordana subocellata (Staudinger, 1901) = kipnisi Churkin et Pletnev, 2012, syn.n.; P. kusnezovi kusnezovi (Avinov, 1910) = bosbutaensis Churkin et Pletnev, 2012, syn.n.; Erebia meta Staudinger, 1886 = gertha Staudinger, 1886, syn.n.; Oeneis ammon ammon Elwes, 1899 = smirnovi Yakovlev, 2011, syn.n.; O. norna tundra A.Bang-Haas, 1912 = ivonini Yakovlev, 2011, syn.n.; Chazara briseis ianthe (Pallas, 1771) = lyrnessus Fruhstorfer, 1908, syn.n., Plebejides stekolnikovi (Stradomsky et Tikhonov, 2015), comb.n.

Abstract: The White Mountain arctic butterfly [WMA; Oeneis melissa semidea (Say)] is endemic to the alpine zone of Mts. Washington and Jefferson, New Hampshire, USA, and because of its small and declining population size, it is considered threatened. White Mountain arctic adults occur only within four alpine meadows, and it has been suggested that dispersal, and hence gene flow, may be restricted among these meadow subpopulations. Furthermore, although the WMA likely is biennial (i.e., requires 2 years for development) like all other species of Oeneis, adults emerge annually. Thus the WMA population may be further structured into two allochronic cohorts, reproductively isolated by their asynchronous adult emergence in either even- or odd-numbered years. We assessed the spatial (among meadows) and temporal (between even- and odd-year cohorts) genetic structure and diversity of the WMA using mtDNA and AFLP markers generated from non-lethally sampled wing and leg tissue. We found no evidence for restricted gene flow among meadows. AFLPs indicated weak differentiation between alternate year cohorts; however, it remains unclear whether this resulted from allochronic reproductive isolation or genetic drift. Despite the WMA’s small population size and isolation, levels of AFLP genetic diversity were generally high. Rather than focusing on factors related to population connectivity and adult dispersal, our results suggest that management efforts for the WMA should instead focus explicitly on factors affecting recruitment and mortality.