Notan

Abstract: In this chapter, we present techniques to provide composition feedback and enhancement for photographs. In order to suit mobile applications, we have designed systems requiring minimal input from the users. The essence of composition is to create unity in a picture, which includes the balance of visual elements from many aspects. We hereby explore several fundamental concepts in composition and develop our new methods accordingly. Albeit much exploited by artists, these concepts have barely crossed over to multimedia or computer vision research. First, we have developed a tool to categorize images by spatial design into diagonal, horizontal, vertical, and centered composition types. Composition in this regard is known to be well associated with aesthetics and emotional response. For instance, placing visual elements diagonally creates a sense of movement; and horizontal placement tends to convey tranquility. This composition analysis tool enables the retrieval of highly aesthetic exemplar images from the corpus which are similar in content and composition to the snapshot. Second, the arrangement of dark and light masses in a picture, referred to as Notan in visual art, is a crucial factor in composition. We propose an approach to adjust the tonal values in an image, targeting directly at achieving an aesthetically more appealing Notan. This method addresses composition enhancement from a high level of spatial arrangement, a remarkable difference from improving relatively low-level characteristics such as contrast and dynamic ranges.

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Abstract: A U.S. art educator, Arthur Wesley Dow, synthesized Japanese and U.S. culture in his philosophy of art education. This paper portrays the process of cross-cultural interpretation as a way for an individual to make sense of his or her world in relation to those of others. The paper seeks to explain Dow's legacy in terms of the Oriental cultural tradition of art, noting that it is because his ideas were derived from his views regarding the nature of art rather than from a particular conception of children's artistic development that a multicultural heritage of art education is exemplified in Dow's interest in Oriental art. The paper discusses Dow's contribution to U.S. art education and considers interpretations of his transformation of Oriental art, speculating on spirituality and Hsieh Ho's first canon, ch'i, and notan. Contains 41 references. (BT) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. "Dow's Conception of Teaching Art: 'Harmonious Composition' and 'Notarr