TL;DR: Non-biological-sciences group was less informed than the biological sciences group and health education about risk factors and prevention of hepatitis B and C infections by running awareness programs was found necessary for all students especially for non- biological sciences students in order to improve awareness of these diseases.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess knowledge, attitude and practices of university students, regarding hepatitis B and C and to compare knowledge and practices/attitudes scores between two different groups. This multi-centre cross -sectional study was conducted from January to June 2008. A group of 2800, at least graduate students, studying in six different universities in Lahore was included in the study. Close-ended questionnaire was used to record demographic information and responses to assess knowledge, attitude and practices about hepatitis B and C. Regarding complications of hepatitis B and C, 47.5% of group I and 26.5% of group II had some relevant knowledge. About mode of transmission, contaminated needles/syringes was mentioned by 89.3% of group I and 82.1% of group II. Similarly blood transfusion, used blades, tattooing and ear/nose piercing were stated higher in group I (92.2%, 90.7%, 68.3% and 73%, respectively) than in group II (72.2%, 75.6%, 45% and 36%, respectively). The availability of hepatitis B vaccine was known to 61.7% in group I and 57.3% in group II. Absence of any vaccine for hepatitis C was known to 36.0% of group I and 13.7% of group II. More than half of both groups wanted to be vaccinated against hepatitis B and almost three quarters of both groups were willing to be screened against hepatitis B and C. In both groups their main source of information was television. Non-biological-sciences group was less informed than the biological sciences group. Health education about risk factors and prevention of hepatitis B and C infections by running awareness programs was found necessary for all students especially for non-biological sciences students in order to improve awareness of these diseases.
TL;DR: Effective coverage of HBV vaccination, has more control on therapeutic injections, screening pregnant women for HBV infection, and follow-up of babies of the HBsAg positive mothers in Pakistan is recommended, and regional collaboration of the two countries may overcome the spread of infection.
Abstract: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is endemic in the Middle East region and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Strict strategies are needed for prevention, diagnosis and management of HBV infection. Reviewing literature about seroepidemilogy and modes of infection transmission in Iran and Pakistan performed. Iran is in low endemicity and Pakistan in intermediate endemicity of HBV infection, now. Therapeutic injections, vertical transmission, transfusion, cultural and special traditions like ear, nose piercing, and high risk groups are important risk factors in Pakistan. Prevalence of HBV infection is still significant in children. High risk behaviors, including injection drug use (IDU) and sexual contact are main routes of HBV transmission in Iran. Intensifying vaccination of high risk groups and control on interfamily transmission in both countries is necessary. Effective coverage of HBV vaccination, has more control on therapeutic injections, screening pregnant women for HBV infection, and follow-up of babies of the HBsAg positive mothers in Pakistan is recommended. Regional collaboration of the two countries may overcome the spread of infection by promoting universal vaccination in all provinces of Pakistan, screening of hepatitis B, education, and surveillance in high risk groups of Iran. To implicate effective vaccination by regional and international health units, and
TL;DR: H B virus infection is one of the major global health problems with two billion people infected worldwide, 75% of whom are Asians, and the main route of HBV transmission is via blood and blood products.
Abstract: H B virus (HBV) infection is one of the major global health problems with two billion people infected worldwide, 75% of whom are Asians (1). The main route of HBV transmission is via blood and blood products. Needle-stick injuries in health personnel, hemodialysis, shared needles in drug abusers, dental surgery, receiving blood or blood products, cupping, ear and nose piercing practices, tattooing, sexual contact and contact with body fluid Hepatitis Monthly 2009; 9(1): 12-16
TL;DR: To overcome the rate of HCV, guidance should be provided to make aware the persons about risk factors, transmission and prevention and to design new therapies and vaccines to overcome this disease.
TL;DR: This paper examined the effect of body piercing on perceptions of an employment seeker's credibility, hirability, and attractiveness, and found that the candidate's attractiveness ratings were not affected by the type of jewelry he wore.
Abstract: This study examined the effect of body piercing on perceptions of an employment seeker's credibility, hirability, and attractiveness. Participants (undergraduate students and managers) viewed a photograph of a job candidate who wore either no jewelry, an earring, or a nose ring, and then rated dimensions of the candidate's credibility, hirability, and attractiveness. Analysis indicated that although the candidate's attractiveness ratings were not affected by the type of jewelry he wore, his credibility ratings decreased when he was wearing jewelry, and his hirability ratings decreased when he was wearing a nose ring. These results and their implications are discussed.